Schneiderman Prelims Vol-I. qxd

COBBLESTONE
APPEARANCE OF THE
ORAL MUCOSA
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, AND DISEASES OF
IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION
Allergic contact dermatitis – cobblestoning of lips
Dermatitis herpetiformis – maculopapular lesions on alveolar
mucosa
Desquamative gingivitis
Graft vs. host disease
Pemphigus vegetans
AD 128:397–402, 1992; AD 121:271–272,
1985; pemphigus vegetans, Neumann variant – cobblestoned
lips, palate, and tongue 
JAAD 39:872–875, 1998; cerebriform
tongue 
BJD 104:587–591, 1981
Systemic lupus erythematosus
DRUGS
Corticosteroid atrophy
Cyclosporine – gingival hyperplasia
Tacrolimus – personal observation
EXOGENOUS AGENTS
Bromides – verrucous or vegetative lesions
Dentures – verrucous or vegetative lesions
Iodides – verrucous or vegetative lesions
Silica granuloma (white cobblestoned) 
AD 127:692–694, 1991
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS
Bartonellosis – verrucous and/or vegetative lesions
Bejel (endemic syphilis) – verrucous or vegetative lesions
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (Donovanosis) J Clin Inf Dis
25:24–32, 1997
Candidiasis – chronic nodular candidiasis 
Rook p.1341, 1998,
Sixth Edition; papillary hyperplasia of the palate; chronic
mucocutaneous candidiasis 
Annu Rev Med 32:491–497, 1981;
atrophic candidiasis; cobblestoning of lips
Coccidioidomycosis – verrucous or vegetative lesions
Condyloma acuminata
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck’s disease) – lips and/or
palatal cobblestoning; HPV 13, 32 
AD 140:1227–1231, 2004;
AD 138:1309–1314, 2002; BJD 144:1067–1069, 2001;
Ped Derm 10:240–244, 1993; AD 127:887–892, 1991;
JAAD 1:499–502, 1979
Granuloma inguinale
Herpetic gingivostomatitis
Histoplasmosis 
Cutis 55:104–106, 1995
Koplik’s spots
Measles
Parvovirus B19
Leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous
Leprosy
Mucormycosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis – lupus vulgaris
Ped Derm 20:429–431, 2003; tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
North American blastomycosis
Oral hairy leukoplakia (tongue) 
Paracoccidioidomycosis (palate) 
Cutis 40:214–216, 1987
Pinta – verrucous or vegetative lesions
Rhinoscleroma – verrucous or vegetative lesions
Rhinosporidiosis
Streptococcal gingivostomatitis
Syphilis – chancre (primary) – verrucous or vegetative lesion;
mucous patch, hyperplastic syphilis, interstitial glossitis (tertiary
lues); syphilitic oral condylomata 
JAAD 29:756, 1993;
cobblestoning of lips
Verrucae vulgaris – of lips 
Tyring p.272, 2002
Yaws – verrucous or vegetative lesions