3. Drama in England 1945-1990
Although both novels and plays can be said to be narrative genres, there is
an obvious difference between them: a play can only reveal all its literary
potential when it is performed on a stage. There are, thus, two possibilities
when considering the evolution of drama in a particular period:
1)
considering plays as published texts,
2)
considering plays in performance.
The history of post-war drama involves important changes in the way plays
are performed. These changes are interdependent with the changes in the way
plays are written: the innovations introduced by the plays require
new�acting
styles
,
new� theatres
; the evolution of acting styles and new trends in the
management of theatres also encourage the writing of
innovative�plays
.
3.1. West End theatre and the new English drama
The recent history of English drama can be summarised as the rise of a strong
opposition�to
the mainstream play that dominated
�the�West�End�theatres
of
London. Paradoxically, after decades in which constant innovations inspired
by revolutions in both the form and the content of contemporary drama in
English have led to the establishment of solid alternatives to the West End,
the success of the playwrights who sustained the
new�English�drama
can be
measured by their now habitual presence in West End theatres. As happens in
the field of the novel, in which literary fiction coexists with popular fiction in
the best-seller lists, mainstream theatre has expanded to include everything
commercially successful, whether experimental or traditional.
At the end of World War II the
theatre� industry
was in a very delicate
position. Many theatres had been destroyed, there was a shortage of actors and
managers, and more worrying still, films were becoming increasingly popular,
which led to many theatres being converted into cinemas. Later, the stage was
to face further competition from television.
In the decade after the war, the West End theatres in London were dominated
by a consortium of business interests, popularly known as
The�Group,
which
ensured the predominance of metropolitan over provincial tastes, the success
of musicals (often imported from the USA) and the dependence of drama
on the star system. Repertory companies working in provincial theatres and
touring companies from the capital satisfied the craving for theatre outside
London.
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