5. sainformacio sistemis cneba
sainformacio sistema organizaciuli, teqnikuri, programuli da informaciuli saSualebebis erTobliobaa, romlebic erTian sistemaSia gaerTianebuli aucilebeli informaciis Segrovebis, Senaxvis, gada-muSavebisa da gacemis mizniT, marTvis funqciis gansaxorcieleblad. kibernetikis poziciidan, ekonomikuri sistemis marTvis procesi, rogorc sistemis elementebze miznis misaRwevad mizanmimarTuli zemoqmedeba, SeiZleba informaciuli procesis saxiT warmovadginoT, romelic garemos, marTvis obieqtsa da marTvis sistemas erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. amasTan, garemo da marTvis obieqti informacias ugzavnis marTvis sistemas, misi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. marTvis sistema miRebul informacias aanalizebs, marTvis obieqtze mmarTvel zemoqmedebas gamoimuSavebs, pasuxobs garemos zemoqmedebaze da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mTeli sistemis miznisa da struqturis modifikacias axdens.
kibernetikis poziciidan ekonomikuri sistemis struqtura naCvenebia me-3 naxazze, sadac ZiriTadi informaciuli nakadebi garemos, marTvis obieqtsa da marTvis sistemas Soris specialuri isrebiTa aRniSnuli.
გარემო
ეკონომიკური სისტემა
მართვის
სისტემა
მართვის ობიექტი
nax. 3. ekonomikuri sistemis struqtura
sainformacio sistemis informaciuli nakadebi, romlebic erTmaneTTan garemos, marTvis obieqtsa da marTvis sistemas akavSirebs Semdegia:
– informaciuli nakadi mimarTuli garedan marTvis sistemaSi, romelic erTi mxriv aris kanonis saxiT saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis mier Seqmnili normatiuli informaciis nakadi, xolo meore mxriv – konkurentebis mier Seqmnili bazris koniunqturis, momxmareblebis, mimwodeblebis informaciuli nakadi.
– informaciuli nakadi mimarTuli marTvis sistemidan gareT, saxeldobr saangariSo informacia: aris upirveles yovlisa safinanso informacia saxelmwifo organoebSi, investorebis, kreditorebisa da momxmareblebisaTvis; marketinguli informacia potenciuri momxmareblebisaTvis;
– informaciuli nakadi mimarTuli marTvis sistemidan marTvis obieqtze (pirdapiri kibernetikuli kavSiri), romelic gegmuri, normatiuli da ganmkargulebeli informaciis erTobliobaa da romelic sameurneo procesebis gansaxorcielebladaa gankuTvnili;
– informaciuli nakadi mimarTuli marTvis obieqtidan marTvis sistemaSi (ukukibernetikuli kavSiri), romelSic ekonomikuri sistemis marTvis obieqtis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb angariSi (nedleuli, masalebi, fuladi, energetikuli da SromiTi resursebi, mza produqcia da Sesrulebuli momsaxureba) sameurneo procesebis Sesrulebis Semdeg aisaxeba. ekonomikur sistemaSi marTvis obieqti aris ekonomikuri saqmianobis materialuri elementebisa (samrewvelo sawarmoSi: nedleuli da saqoneli, mowyobilobebi, mza produqcia, muSaxeli da sxv.) da sameurneo procesebis (samrewvelo sawarmoSi: ZiriTadi da damxmare warmoeba, momarageba, gasaReba da sxv.) qvesistema. marTvis sistema aris ekonomikuri sistemis struqturuli ganyofilebebis (magaliTad, samrewvelo sawarmoSi: direqcia, safinanso, sawarmoo, momarageba-gasRebis da sxva ganyofilebebi) urTierTSeTanx-mebuli muSaoba da romlebic marTvis Semdeg funqcias axorcieleben:
- dagegmva aris funqcia, romelic ekonomikuri sistemis funqcionirebis mizans drois sxvadasxva periodSi gansazRvravs;
- aRricxva aris funqcia, romelic marTvis obieqtis mdgomareobas sameurneo procesebis Sesrulebis Semdeg asaxavs;
- kontroli aris funqcia, romlis meSveobiTac ganisazRvreba aRricxvis monacemebis gadaxra gegmuri da normatiuli monacemebisagan;
- operatiuli marTva aris funqcia, romelic yvela sameurneo procesis regulirebas axorcielebs, raTa gansxvaveba gegmur da normatiul monacemebs Soris aRmoifxvras;
- analizi aris funqcia, romlis saSualebiT SeiZleba ekono-mikuri sistemis muSaobasa da rezervs Soris is tendencia ganvsazRvroT, romelic SemdgomSi axali gegmis Sedgenis dros gamoiyeneba.
sainformacio sistema agrovebs, gadaamuSavebs Semosul saangariSo da arsebul normatiul da gegmur informaciebs analitikur informaciad, romelic Semdgom ekonomikuri sistemis ganviTarebis prognozirebisaTvis, misi miznebis koreqtirebisa da kvlavwarmoebis axali ciklisaTvis gegmebis Sesadgenad gamoiyeneba. sainformacio sistemebSi informaciis damuSavebas Semdegi moTxovnebi waredgineba: marTvis funqciebis realizaciisaTvis informaciis sisrule da sakmarisoba; informaciis drouli warmodgena; mmarTvelobis donidan gamomdinare, informaciis saimedoobis aucilebeli xarisxiT uzrunvelyofa; informaciis damuSavebis ekonomiuroba: monacemebis damuSave-baze gaweuli xarjebi miRebul efeqts ar unda aRematebodes; momxmareblis informaciuli cvalebadi moTxovnilebebis mimarT adapturoba (Seguebadoba).
sainformacio sistemebSi informaciis damuSavebis xasiaTis Sesabamisad, ekonomikuri sistemis marTvis sxvadasxva doneze (operatiuli, taqtikuri da strategiuli), sainformacio sistemebis Semdegi tipebi gamoiyofa: monacemTa damuSavebis sistemebi (Electronic Data Processing); marTvis sainformacio sistemebi (MIS – Management Information System); gadawyvetilebis miRebis sistema (DSS – Decision Support System).
monacemebis damuSavebis sistema sameurneo operaciebis aRricxvasa da operatiul regulirebas asrulebs, garemosaTvis standartul dokumentebs (angariSebi, zeddebulebi, sagadasaxado valdebulebebi) amzadebs. sameurneo procesebis operatiuli marTvis horizonti erTidan ramdenime dRemde Seadgens, axdens registraciisa da xdomilobis damuSavebis aRricxvas, magaliTad, SekveTaTa Sesrulebis gaformebas da monitorings, sawyobSi materialuri faseulobis Semosavals da gasavals, samuSao drois aRricxvis tabelis warmoebas da sxv. am amocanebs iteraciuli, regularuli xasiaTi aqvs, uSualod sameurneo saqmianobis Semsruleblebis mier (muSa, mekuWnave, administratori da sxv.) sruldeba da mkacrad gansazRvruli algoriTmebis Sesabamisad dokumentebis gaformebasa da gadagzavnasTan aris dakavSirebuli. sameurneo operaciebis Sesrulebis Sedegebis Setana monacemTa bazebSi ekranuli formebis saSualebiT xdeba. marTvis sainformacio sistemebi marTvis taqtikur donezea orientirebuli: samuSaos saSualo xangrZlivobis droiT dagegmva, analizi da organizacia ramdenime kviris (Tvis) ganmavlobaSi. magaliTad, nedleulis mowodeba, produqciis gasaRebis analizi da dagegmva, sawarmoo programebis Sedgena. mocemul amocanaTa klasisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia saSedego dokumentebis formirebisa da amocanis amoxsnis mkacrad gansazRvruli algoriTmis reglamentireba (perioduli gameoreba). msgavsi amocanebis amoxsnis Sedegebi warmoebis sxvadasxva samsaxurebis xelmZRvanelebisaTvisaa (materialur-teqnikuri momaragebisa da gasaRebis, saamqroebisa da sxva ufrosebi) gankuTvnili. amocanebi operatiuli monacemebis dagrovebuli bazis safuZvelze amoixsneba. gadawyvetilebis miRebis sistema ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba marTvis zeda doneebze (firmis, warmoebis, organizaciis xelmZRvaneloba), romelTac strategiuli xangrZlivi mniSvneloba mTeli wlis an ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi aqvT. aseT amocanebs strategiuli miznis formirebis, resursebis mozidvis dagegmvis, dafinansebis wyaroebis da sxva amocanebi miekuTvneba. aRniSnul amocanebs, rogorc wesi, araregu-laruli xasiaTi aqvs. idealurad iTvleba sainformacio sistema, romelic zemoT CamoTvlili yvela tips moicavs.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |