Samarkand iktisodiyot va servis instituti

Lesson 27. SUPPLY. MY SCIENTIFIC WORK.

Ilova 1 (27.1)
Banking services
Credit Bank International offers the following services to customers planning to export to new markets. Divide the products into two categories: Finance and Services.

allowances against bills for collection foreign currency loans and overdrafts

banker's order letter of credit

bank transfer standing order

buyer credit status enquiries

economic information trade development advice

foreign currency account

Finance Services
……………………… ………………………
……………………… ………………………
……………………… ………………………

Ilova 2 (27.1)

Miscellaneous word phrases
The words in this test relate to different aspects of trading and investment in an international business environment. Complete the phrases with an appropriate word from the box below.

black bonus break bridging intangible interim issue

line loss red reserves retail securities

1 The part of an economy which is not declared to the tax authorities is known as the..................... economy.

2 A business that is losing money is running at a......................
3 A bank account that is in deficit is in the......................
4 Free shares given to long-term shareholders are called ..................... shares.
5 If a business will meet its costs but not make any profit, it will..................... even.
6 If you want to buy something quickly you can borrow money on your assets by
taking out a ..................... loan. You pay back the loan after you sell some assets.
7 The final return on a business deal, indicating whether the deal made a profit or
not, is sometimes called the bottom ......................
8 A measure of prices paid in the shops is the ..................... price index.
9 The payment to shareholders at the half-year point is called the.....................
dividend.
10 The price of shares when a company is first floated on the Stock Exchange is
called the..................... price.
11 Large amounts of foreign currency held by a company, bank or government, as
a security against changes in exchange rates, is called foreign currency ............
12 Stocks and shares held by governments are called government......................
13 Assets which have a value but cannot be seen, e.g. customer goodwill, patents
or trade marks, are called ..................... assets.

SUPPLY

In one sense, supply is the mirror image of demand. Individuals control the inputs, or resources, necessary to produce goods. Such resources are often called factors of production. Individuals’ supply of these factors to market mirrors other individ­uals’ demand for those factors. For example, say you decide you want to rest rather than weed your garden. You hire someone to do the weeding; you demand labor. Someone else decides she would prefer more income instead of more rest; she supplies labor to you. You trade money for labor; she trades labor for money. Here supply is the mirror image of demand.

For a large number of goods, however, the supply process is more compli­cated than demand. As Exhibit 6 shows, for a large number of goods, there’s an intermediate step in supply. Individuals supply factors of production to firms. Firms are organizations of individuals that transform factors of production into consumable goods. Let’s consider an example. Say you’re a taco technician. You supply your labor to the factor market. The taco company demands your labor (hires you). The taco company combines your labor with other inputs like meat, cheese, beans, and tables and produces many tacos (production) which it supplies to customers in the goods market. For produced goods, supply depends not only on individuals’ decisions to supply factors of production; it also depends on firms’ ability to produce—to transform those factors of production into consumable goods.
The supply of nonproduced goods is more direct. Individuals supply their labor in the form of services directly to the goods market. For example, an independent contractor may repair your washing machine. That contractor sup­plies his labor directly to you.
Thus, the analysis of the supply of produced goods has two parts: an analysis of the supply of factors of production to households and to firms, and an analysis of why firms transform those factors of production into consumable goods.
In talking about supply, the same convention exists that we used for demand. Supply refers to the various quantities offered for sale at various prices. Quantity supplied refers to a specific quantity offered for sale at a specific price.