Mavzu: Yog’larga xos sifat reaksiyalar
Darsning maqsadi. Yog’larning eruvchanligini aniqlash
Kerakli asbob va reaktivlar: probirkalar, shtativ, spirt lampa, filtr qog’oz, etil spirt, atseton, efir, petroley efiri, dixloretan, xloroform, benzol, benzin, uglerod (IV)- sulfid, paxta, kungaboqar moyi, margarin, qo’y va mol yog’i.
Ishning bajarilishi. 20 ta probirka olib, ularni ikki gruppaga bo’lib, nomerlanadi. Har ikkala gruppadagi probirkalarga navbati bilan 2 ml dan suv, spirt, atseton, efir, petroley efiri, dixloretan, xloroform, benzol, benzin va uglerodsulfid quyiladi. Birinchi gruppadagi probirkalarning hammasiga bir necha tomchi paxta yog’i yoki boshqa o’simlik moyi, ikkinchi gruppadagi probirkalarga no’xat kattaligidagi mol yog’i solib, normal temperaturada eruvchanligi kuzatiladi, so’ng suv hammomida qizdirib ko’riladi. Kuzatish natijalarini yozib qo’yiladi.
MASHG`ULOT NATIJALARI:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
XULOSA:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yog’lardagi glitseringa xos reaksiya
Kerakli asbob va reaktivlar: probirkalar, shtativ, spirt lampa, filtr qog’oz, kaliy gidrosulfat kristali, kumush gidroksidining ammiakli eritmasi bilan namlangan filtr qog’oz, fuksin-sulfat kislota eritmasi bilan namlangan filtr qog’oz, paxta, kungaboqar moyi.
Ishning bajarilishi. Probirkaga 0,5-1ml paxta moyi quyiladi, ustiga 2-3g kaliy bisulfat kristallaridan qo'shib mo’rili shkafda qizdiriladi. O’tkir hidli oq akrolein bug’lari ajraladi. Bug’larga kumush oksidining ammiakli eritmasi bilan namlangan filtr qog’oz tutilsa, u qora rangga kiradi, fuksin sulfit kislota eritmasi bilan namlangan filtr qog’oz tutilsa, pushti dog’ paydo bo’lishi kuzatiladi. Bu har ikkala reaksiya aldegidlarga xos reaksiya bo’lib, akrolein ajralayotganini bildiradi.
MASHG`ULOT NATIJALARI:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
XULOSA:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar
1.Yog’larning eruvchanligi qanday aniqlanadi?
2.Yog’larning eruvchanligi deganda nimani tushunasiz?
3.Yog’lardagi glitseringa xos sifat reaksiya qanday bajariladi?
4.Yog’larga xos sifat reaksiya deganda nimani tushunasiz?
Sana:______________________
8 – LABORATPRIYA MASHG`ULOTI
Mavzu: Fermentlar. Amilazaning kraxmalga ta’siri.
Darsning maqsadi. Kraxmalga yodning ta’sirini laboratoriya sharoitida o’rganish.
Kraxmalga yod ta’sir ettirish reaksiyasi
Kerakli asbob va reaktivlar: probirkalar (1,5 ml li ) tomchilatuvchi pipetka, pipetkalar, shtativ, gaz gorelkasi yoki spirt lampa, 0,1% kraxmal eritmasi, 0,1% glikogen eritmasi, Lyugol eritmasi, 10% natriy gidroksid eritmasi, etil spirt.
Ishning bajarilishi: Probirkaga 0,1% kraxmal eritmasidan 3 ml quyib, ustiga 2-3 tomchi Lyugol eritmasidan tomiziladi. Hosil bo’lgan ko’k rangli eritmani 3 qismga bo’lib, biriga teng hajmda 10%i natriy gidroksid eritmasi, ikkinchisiga shuncha miqdorda etil spirt qo’shiladi, uchinchisi esa qaynatiladi. Bu vaqtda uchala probirkadagi suyuqlik rangsizlanadi. Lekin oxirgi probirkadagi suyuqlik sovitilgandan so’ng ranggi tiklanadi.
Alohida probirkaga 2-3 ml glikogen eritmasi quyib, unga 2-3 tomchi Lyugol eritmasidan tomiziladi. Probirkadagi suyuqlik qizil-qo’ngir rangga kirishi kuzatiladi.
MASHG`ULOT NATIJALARI:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
XULOSA:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar
1. Polisaxaridlar qanday hosil bo’ladi?
2. Kraxmal yod bilan qanday rang beradi?
3.Glikogen Lyugol eritmasi bilan qandau rang hosil qiladi?
Sana:_______________________10_–_LABORATPRIYA_MASHG`ULOTI_Mavzu:_Fermentlar_faolligiga_ta’sir_qiluvchi_omillar__Darsning_maqsadi'>Sana:______________________
9– LABORATPRIYA MASHG`ULOTI
Mavzu: Saxaroza fermenti faolligini aniqlash. Fermentlarning o‘ziga xosligi.
Darsning maqsadi. Fermentlarning faolligini saxaroza misolida o’rganish.
Kerakli asbob va reaktivlar: shtativ (probirkalari bilan), pipetkalar, suv hammomi. Kraxmalni 1% eritmasi, saxarozaning 1% eritmasi, 5 marta suyultirilgan so‘lak, achitqi, Lyugol eritmasi.
Ishning bajarilishi: 4 ta probirka olib, 2 tasiga 10 tomchidan 1% kraxmal, qolgan 2 tasiga 10 tomchi 1% saxaroza eritmasi qo‘yiladi. 1- va 3- probirkalarga 5 marta suyultirilgan so‘lakdan 5 tomchidan, 2- va 4- probirkalarga 5 tomchidan achitqi shirasidan qo‘yib, 38°C suv hammomiga 10 minut qo‘yiladi. Ko‘rsatilgan vaqt o‘tgandan keyin birinchi ikkita probirkadagi arlashmaga yod ta’sir ettiriladi. 3-4-probirkalardagi suyuqlik bilan Trommer reaksiyasi qilinadi. Rangli reaksiyalarning natijasiga qarab fermentlarning o‘ziga xosligi to’g‘risida xulosa chiqariladi va jadval ko‘rinishida qayd etiladi.
Probirka
|
Ferment
|
Substrat
|
Kontrol reaksiyalari
|
Yod bilan reaksiyalari
|
Trommer reaksiyalari
|
1
|
Amilaza
|
Kraxmal
|
|
|
2
|
Saxaraza
|
Kraxmal
|
|
|
3
|
Amilaza
|
Saxoroza
|
|
|
4
|
Saxaraza
|
Saxaroza
|
|
|
MASHG`ULOT NATIJALARI:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
XULOSA:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar
1. Fermentlar qanday ta’sir xususiyatiga ega?
2. Kraxmal qaysi ferment ta’sirida parchalanadi?
3. Saxaraza qanday xususiyatga ega?
4.Fermentlarning spetsifikligi deganda nimani tushunasiz?
5.Nisbiy, absolyut va steriokimyoviy spetsifiklikni farqlang?
Sana:______________________
10 – LABORATPRIYA MASHG`ULOTI
Mavzu: Fermentlar faolligiga ta’sir qiluvchi omillar
Darsning maqsadi. Fermentlar faolligiga ta’sir qiluvchi omillarni o’rganish.
Kerakli asbob va reaktivlar: shtativ, probirkalar, muzli stakan, suv hammomi yoki termostat, pipetkalar, kraxmalning 1% eritmasi, 10 marta suyultirilgan so’lak eritmasi, yodning 0,1% eritmasi.
Ishning bajarilishi. 4 ta probirka olib, ularning har biriga 10 tomchidan 1 % kraxmal eritmasidan qo’yiladi, birinchi probirkani muzli stakanga, ikkinchisini xona temperaturasiga, uchinchisini 45°C suv hammommiga, to'rtinchisini 75°C suv hammomi yoki termostatga qo’yiladi, 5 minut o'tgandan keyin probirkalarning hammasiga shu turgan holatida 10 marta suyultirilgan so’lakdan 10 tomchidan qo’shib, yana 5 minut shu holatda qoldiriladi. Bu muddat o'tgandan so’ng probirkalardagi aralashmalardan alohida probirkalarga 1-2 tomchidan olib, ustiga 1 tomchidan 0,1 % yod eritmasidan tomiziladi. Agar hamma probirkalardagi suyuqliklar ko’k rangga kirsa, inkubatsiya yana 5 minut davomida qoldiriladi va yod bilan reaksiya qaytadan qilib ko’riladi. Turli xil probirkalardagi suyuqliklar yod bilan har xil rangga kirishi kraxmalning har xil darajada gidrolizlanganidan darak beradi. Fermentativ reaksiyaning eng yuqori tezligiga 45°C erishiladi. Gidrolizning eng sekin ketishi yoki amalda ketmasligi 1- va 4- probirkalarda, ya’ni 0°C va 75°C da kuzatiladi. Tajriba natijalari jadvalda qayd qilinadi.
Ferment aktivligiga temperaturani ta’siri.
|
0°С
|
20°С
|
45°С
|
75°С
|
Tekshirilayotgan eritmaning yod bilan bergan rangi. Rangli maxsulot nomi.
|
|
|
|
|
Xulosa.
|
MASHG`ULOT NATIJALARI:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
XULOSA:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar
1. Fermentlar necha gradusda eng yuqori faollikka ega bo’ladi?
2. Fermentlar necha gradusda qaytmas denaturatsiyaga o’chraydi?
3. Fermentlarning temperaturaga chidamsizligi nimaga bog’liq?
4. Gidrolizning eng sekin ketishi yoki amalda ketmasligi necha gradusda ko’zatiladi?
Sana:______________________
11 – LABORATPRIYA MASHG`ULOTI
Mavzu: Vitaminlarga xos sifat rektsiyalari
Darsning maqsadi. Ava C vitaminga xos sifat reaksiyalarini o’rganish.
A vitaminga xos sifat reaksiyalari
Kerakli asbob va reaktivlar: shtativ, probirkalar, pipetkalar, baliq moyi, surma (III)- xloridning xloroformdagi to’yingan eritmasi, sirka angidrid, xloroform, kontsentrlangan sulfat kislota, A vitaminning xloroformdagi 0,05 % eritmasi, temir (II)- sulfatning sirka kislotadagi to’yingan eritmasi.
Ishning bajarilishi.
-
tajriba. Surma (III)- xlorid bilan qilinadigan reaksiya.
Quruq probirkaga 2-3 tomchi baliq moyi tomizib, 4-5 tomchi surma (III)- xloridning xloroformdagi to’yingan eritmasidan qo’shiladi. Aralashma ko’k rangga bo’yaladi, sekin- asta pushti binafsha rangga o’tadi. Agar probirka nam bo’lsa, suvni yuqotish uchun 1-2 tomchi sirka angidrid qushish mumkin.
-
tajriba. Sulfat kislota bilan qilinadigan reaksiya.
Bir tomchi baliq moyi 4-5 tomchi xloroformda eritiladi va 1 tomchi kontsentrlangan sulfat kislota tomiziladi. Aralashma ko’k rangga kirib, tezda qoramtir-qizil rangga o’tadi.
Bu reaksiya kontsentrlangan sulfat kislota A vitamindan suv tortib olishi hisobiga turli xil rangli modda hosil qilishiga asoslangan.
3- tajriba. Temir (II)- sulfat bilan qilinadigan reaksiya.
1-2 tomchi baliq moyi yoki A vitaminning 0,05 % xloroformdagi eritmasidan olib, 5-10 tomchi FeSO4 ning muz-sirka kislotadagi to’yingan eritmasidan tomiziladi, unga 1-2 tomchi kontsentrlangan sulfat kislota qo’shiladi. Aralashma ko’k rangga kirib, sekin - asta pushti qizil rangga o’tadi. Karotinlar bu reaksiyada yashil rang beradi.
MASHG`ULOT NATIJALARI:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
XULOSA:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C vitaminga xos sifat reaksiyalari
Kerakli asbob va reaktivlar: shtativ, probirkalar, pipetkalar, kaliy ferritsianidning 5% eritmasi, temir xloridning 1 % eritmasi, na’matak yoki boshqa meva ekstrakti, distillangan suv.
1-tajriba. Askorbin kislotaga kaliy ferrotsianidning ta’siri.
Meva ekstraktidagi askorbin kislota qizil qon tuzi K3 [Fe (CN)6] ni qaytarib, sariq qon tuziga aylantiradi, hosil bo'lgan sariq qon tuzi temir (III) -xlorid bilan suvda yomon eruvchi berlin zangorisini hosil qiladi.
Ishning bajarilishi. Ikkita probirka olib 2-3 tomchidan 5 % kaliy ferritsianid va 1 tomchi temir (III)- xlorid eritmasidan tomizamiz. Probirkalarning biriga 5-10 tomchi na’matak yoki boshqa meva ekstrakti, ikkinchisiga shuncha miqdorda suv tomiziladi. Birinchi probirkadagi suyuqlik ko‘karadi va berlin zangorisi hosil bo’ladi. Ikkinchi probirkadagi suyuqlik esa o’zgarishsiz qoladi.
MASHG`ULOT NATIJALARI:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
XULOSA:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mustahkamlash uchun savol va topshiriqlar
1. A vitaminning kimyoviy nomi nima deb ataladi?
2. A vitaminga xos sifat reaksiyalari qanday bajariladi?
3. C vitaminga xos sifat reaksiyalari qanday bajariladi?
4. Sariq qon tuzi temir (III) -xlorid bilan nima hosil qiladi.?
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR
-
To‘raqulov Yo.X Bioximiya. Toshkent, O‘zbekiston, 1996 y.
-
Filippovich Yu. Osnovi bioximii. M., Visshaya shkola, 1985
-
Lenindjer A. Osnovi bioximii. M., V 3-tomax. Mir, 1986 g.
-
Qosimov V. va boshqalar. Bioximiya. Toshkent, O‘qituvchi, 1988 y.
-
Knorre D.G., Mizina S.D. Biologicheskaya ximiya. M., Vыsщaya shkola, 2000 g.
-
Imomaliev A. va boshqalar. O‘simliklar bioximiyasi. Toshkent, O‘qituvchi, 1987 y.
-
To‘raqulov Yo.X. Molekulyar biologiya. Toshkent O‘qituvchi, 1985.
-
Valixonov M.N.Biokimyo.Toshkent, Universitet.2008
-
Karimov O.R. Biokimyodan ma’ruzalar matni. Qarshi, 2009 yil
-
Smolin A.N., Rajdestvenskaya V.A. Organik va biologik ximiyadan amaliy mashg‘ulotlar. Toshkent, 1969 yil.
-
Qosimov Q.A., Qo‘chqorov Q.Q., Muborakova D.X. Bioximiyadan amaliy mashg‘ulotlar. Toshkent. «O‘qituvchi» nashriyoti, 1989 yil.
-
Sultonov O., Xolmuhamedova N.M. Bioximiyadan amaliy mashg‘ulotlar. Toshkent, «Ibn Sino» Nashriyoti. 1995 yil.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |