notes
InTroducTIon
1. Wyke, M.,
Projecting the Past: ancient Rome, cinema and history
(London
& New York: Routledge, 1997).
2. Edwards, C. (ed.),
Roman Presences: receptions of Rome in European culture,
1789–1945
(Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1999).
3. Marx, K. & Engels, F.,
Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei
[1848], in
Marx-Engels Werke
Vol. 4 (Berlin: Dietz, 1964), p. 465. Generally on this
theme, N. Morley,
Antiquity and Modernity
(Oxford & Malden: Wiley–
Blackwell, 2008).
4. Folz, R.,
The Concept of Empire in Western Europe
(London: Edward Arnold,
1969).
5. Moreland, J., ‘The Carolingian empire: Rome reborn?’, in Alcock, S.E., et
al. (eds),
Empire: perspectives from archaeology and history
(Cambridge:
Cambridge
University Press, 2001), pp. 392–418.
6. cf
.
Zanker, P.,
The Power of Images in the Ages of Augustus
, trans. Shapiro,
A. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988) and Scobie, A.,
Hitler’s
State Architecture: the impact of classical antiquity
(University Park, PA:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990).
7. Howe, S.,
Empire: a very short introduction
(Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2002), p. 41.
8. Bryce, J.,
The Ancient Roman Empire and the British Empire in India
(Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1914), pp. 6–7.
9. Pitts, J.,
A Turn to Empire: the rise of imperial liberalism in Britain and France
(Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005), pp. 87, 236. On
Ireland, see also Armitage, D. (ed.),
Theories of Empire, 1450–1800
(Aldershot
&
Burlington, 1998), pp. 192–4.
10. Seeley, J.R.,
The Expansion of England
(London: Macmillan, 1883), p. 261;
Bell, D., ‘From ancient to modern in Victorian imperial thought’,
Historical
Journal
, 2006 (49), pp. 735–59.
11. Baring, E., Earl of Cromer,
Ancient and Modern Imperialism
[1910] (Honolulu:
University Press of the Pacific, 2001), p. 127.
12. Bryce,
Ancient Roman Empire
, p. 64.
13. Bell, ‘From ancient to modern’, pp. 737–8; Morley,
Antiquity and Modernity
,
pp. 117–40. See e.g. Robertson, J.M.,
Patriotism and Empire
(London: Grant
Richards, 1899) for a belief in the possibility of England escaping the fate of
Rome – although agriculture is already starting to be neglected and imports
beginning to exceed exports, both signs of the parasitism that brought down
Rome.
14. Vance, N.,
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