Root Causes of Terrorism



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Bjorgo Root Causes of Terrorism

Root Causes of Terrorism

  • Presentation by
  • Dr. Tore Bjørgo
  • Senior Research Fellow,
  • Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
  • and
  • Professor of Police Science,
  • National Police Academy, Oslo

Invalidated myths about causes of terrorism:

  • Poverty: There are only a weak and indirect relationships between poverty and terrorism
  • State sponsorship of terrorism: not a root cause to terrorism, but an enabling factor
  • Religious fanaticism: Suicidal terrorism is not caused by religion as such, but religion may give shape to and justification of political extremism
  • Madness: Terrorists are not insane or irrational actors

Preconditions for terrorism:

  • Lack of democracy, civil rights and the rule of law
  • Failed or weak states
  • Rapid modernization
  • Illegitimate and corrupt governments
  • Powerful external actors upholding corrupt regimes
  • Extremist ideologies (secular or religious)

More preconditions for terrorism…

  • Historical traditions of political violance, civil war, revolutions, dictatorship or occupation
  • Hegemony and inequality in power
  • Repression by foreign occupation or colonial powers
  • Failure by the state to integrate dissident groups or emerging social classes
  • The experience of social injustice
  • The experience of discrimination on the basis of ethnic or religious origin

Precipitants of terrorism:

  • The presence of charismatic ideological leaders
  • Provocative events triggering violent responses

Factors sustaining terrorism:

  • Terrorism may continue for other reasons than what gave birth to it, such as…
  • The need of the group to provide for its members or for the survival of the group
  • Profitable criminal activities
  • No exit from violence and extremism
  • Cycles of revenge

For more information…

  • Check our
  • Knowledge Base on Terrorism and International Crime:
  • http://www.nupi.no/English/
  • (click ”Research” on the top menu)

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