Respublikasi oliy va o maxsus lim vazirligi alisher navoiy nomidagi toshkent davlat

Maxim of quantity
determines the amount of information needed: 
1. Your utterance should contain no less information than needed; 2. Your 
utterance should contain no more information than needed. 
Maxim of quality
includes the following postulates: 1. Try to make 
your utterance true; 2. Don't say what you consider false; 3. Don't say 
anything you have not enough grounds for. 
Maxim of relation
has one postulate: speak to the point. 
Maxim of manner
deals with "not what to say but "how to say". It 
includes the postulates: 1. Express yoursclf clearly; 2. Avoid obscure 
expressions; 3. Avoid ambiguity; 4. Be brief (avoid unnecessary 
verbosity); 5. Be organized 
On the whole these communicative postulates can be accepted. In 
spite of the fact that they refer to a dialogic speech, they are quite 
appropriate to many text-types. For instance, such postulates as "be 
relevant", "express yourself clearly", "tell the truth", "be brief" are 
relevant to many texts. At the same time it is necessary to keep in mind 
that in some cases these postulates do not work. This is the reason why 
Grice's theory has been criticized in the linguistic literature. For example, 
in the process of literary (fictional) communication these rules of 

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communication are constantly violated, and this can be confirmed by the 
results of many researches related to belles-lettres texts. First of all it 
concerns the so called "redundant" and "non-relevant" information 
inherent in the fictional text and violating the principle of "briefness". 
Then it refers to implicit, ambiguous information violating the principle 
of "clarity" in communication. Besides, the criterion of "truthfulness" is 
very relative because a fictional text has a generalized content not 
connected with the communicants' practical activity, and, therefore, 
devoid of factological exactness. T. A. van Dijk argues that not the 
principle of communication by Grice G. P., but the principle of 
"constructiveness" should be considered relevant to the sphere of literary 
communication (1977). This principle can be explained by the author's 
intention aimed not at the practical interaction with the reader but at the 
construction of a linguistic object and a number of "possible worlds" for 
the reader. 
Of great interest is the theory suggested by Leech G.N. (1983), who 
argues that the principle of cooperation can be applied only to 
interpersonal communication, and therefore it is opposed to textual 
communication, the latter is based on the principles of clarity, language 
economy and expressiveness. Besides Leech G.N. introduces the principle 
of politeness, consisting of maxims of tact, approval, modesty, nobility 
and irony (Leech, 1983). So, there are various communicative principles 
of textual communication. They are complexly interlaced, and in concrete 
situations some of them in accordance with sociocultural conditions 
become dominant. 
In conclusion the major points may be summarized as follows:
communicative act;
situation with regard for socio-cultural background, presuppositions, 
knowledge fund, background knowledge and so on;
xt 
production and text perception, and, consequently, with the addresscr's 
and addressee's factors.