Research students

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1. 
   Read the information below. Discuss the key aspects of the Paris Agreement.
   

The Paris Agreement (French: Accord de Paris) is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 195 countries at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015. It was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (Earth Day) at a ceremony in New York. As of April 2017, 195 UNFCCC members signed the treaty, 145 of which have ratified it. After several European Union states ratified the agreement in October 2016, there were enough countries for the agreement to enter into force. The agreement went into effect on 4 November 2016.
The head of the Paris Conference, France’s foreign minister, said this “ambitious and balanced” plan is a “historic turning point” in the goal of reducing global warming.


Paris Agreement: essential elements.
The Paris Agreement builds upon the Convention and – for the first time – brings all nations into a common cause to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects, with enhanced support to assist developing countries to do so. As such, it charts a new course in the global climate effort.
The Paris Agreement’s central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change.
The Paris Agreement requires all Parties put forward their best efforts through “nationally determined contributions” (NDCs) and strengthen these efforts in the years ahead. This includes requirements that all Parties report regularly on their emissions and on their implementation efforts. Almost 200 countries have backed the agreement, which aims to keep global temperature increases “well below” 2C.