Research assignment

Land

The United Kingdom comprises four geographic and historical parts—England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom contains most of the area and population of the British Isles—the geographic term for the group of islands that includes Great Britain, Ireland, and many smaller islands. Together England, Wales, and Scotland constitute Great Britain, the larger of the two principal islands, while Northern Ireland and the republic of Ireland constitute the second largest island, Ireland. England, occupying most of southern Great Britain, includes the Isles of Scilly off the southwest coast and the Isle of Wight off the southern coast. Scotland, occupying northern Great Britain, includes the Orkney and Shetland islands off the northern coast and the Hebrides off the northwestern coast. Wales lies west of England and includes the island of Anglesey to the northwest.
Topic: The symbols of the UK
Every country has its specific culture and peculiarities which can be found in their symbols. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Each of them has its symbols and usually there are two types of them official and unofficial ones.

England is the main part of the UK as there is its capital — London city The floral emblem and at the same time the symbol of England is the red rose. This flower has become a symbol since the Civil war which is called War of roses (1455-1485). The winner was the Royal Family with a red rose as a family symbol. Besides the floral symbol England has the national animal of England and it is a lion.

The national flower in Scotland is the Thistle or sometimes it is called Scottish Bluebell. It became the symbol in the 15th century when this prickly-leaved violet flower was used as the defense of the border of the country. Scotland also has its national animal and it is a unicorn

Wales has the symbol spring flower daffodil. There are many versions about the origin of this symbol, but the main was told by Shakespeare in his poem in which Welsh archers wore this flower in the battle of Agincourt in 15th century for easy distinguishing from the enemies. Sometimes it is possible to find the leek as the symbol of Wales. Welsh national animal is a red dragon which is also on the welsh flag.

And the Northern Ireland also has its own flower symbol it is shamrock. The legend told that with the help of this three-leaf plant St. Patrick explained the Trinity. He said that the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit can’t exist separately as the shamrock can’t be with one leave. And later his followers used to wear the shamrock on St. Patrick's Day.

Besides the flower symbols every part of the UK has its own patron. It is possible to call them the saint symbols.

In England St. George is a patron and in his honor every year on the 23rd April a national day, the Day of St. George, is celebrated there. The national day in Wales is on the 1st March and this day dedicated to St. David who is the patron of Wales. The patron of Scotland is St. Andrew and Scotsmen celebrate on the 30th November the national day, St. Andrew day. St. Patrick is a saint patron of the Northern Ireland and on the 17th of March it is a great holiday, the day of St. Patrick.

All the floral and saint symbols of the UK countries can be called unofficial and the official symbols are their flags and emblems. The official symbol of England is the Cross of St. George the red crosses on the white ground. The national flag of Wales is called the Welsh dragon. There is a red dragon on the white and green ground. The national flag of Scotland is the Cross of St. Andrew the white diagonal crosses on the blue ground. And the national flag of Northern Ireland is the Cross of St. Patrick red diagonal crosses on the white ground.

Besides the individual symbols and the emblems the UK has the common symbol the Union Jack. It is a flag which unites the peculiarities of the patrons of England, It is a flag which unites the peculiarities of the patrons of England, Northen Ireland and Scotland.

Birlashgan Qirollik

        Buyuk Britaniya, orol mamlakat materik Evropaning shimoli-g'arbiy sohilida joylashgan. Buyuk Britaniya tarkibiga Buyuk Britaniya, Angliya, Uels va Shotlandiya, shuningdek Irlandiya orolining shimoliy qismi kiradi. Buyuk Britaniya nomi ba'zan umuman Buyuk Britaniyani anglatadi. Poytaxti - dunyoning etakchi tijorat, moliyaviy va madaniy markazlaridan biri bo'lgan London. Shimoliy Irlandiyadagi Birmingem, Liverpul va Manchester, Shimoliy Irlandiyadagi Belfast va Londonderri, Shotlandiyadagi Edinburg va Glazgo, Uelsdagi Suonsi va Kardiff shaharlari.

      Miloddan avvalgi 10-asrning boshlarida qo'shni Keltiya shohliklariga sodiq bo'lgan va "ilgari ko'p qirollar ular o'rtasida o'zaro taqsimlagan narsalarga birinchi bo'lib" ega bo'lgan Angliya-Sakson qiroli Athelstan davridan Buyuk Britaniyaning paydo bo'lishini ko'rish mumkin. zamonaviy xronika bilan aytganda. Keyingi asrlardagi keyingi bosib olishlar natijasida uzoqroq bo'lgan qirollar Angliya hukmronligi ostida qoldi. Buyuk Britaniyaning janubi-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Uels shaharlarining birlashgan cherkovlari, 1536 va 1542 yilgi Ittifoq aktlari bilan Angliya bilan birlashtirildi. 1603 yildan beri Londondan boshqarib kelgan Shotlandiya Angliya va Uels bilan rasmiy ravishda Birlashgan Qirollikni tashkil qildi. Buyuk Britaniyaning ("Britaniyaliklar" atamasi bu vaqtda barcha qirollik xalqlarini nazarda tutish uchun ishlatilgan edi.) Irlandiya 1600 yillarda inglizlar nazorati ostida bo'lgan va 1800 yilgi Ittifoq qonuni orqali Buyuk Britaniya bilan birlashtirildi. Irlandiya respublikasi o'ziga ega bo'ldi. 1922 yilda mustaqillikka erishildi, ammo Ulsterning to'qqizta oltitasining oltitasi Shimoliy Irlandiya sifatida Buyuk Britaniyaning bir qismi bo'lib qoldi. Ushbu ta'sischi davlatlar va Angliya o'rtasidagi munosabatlar qarama-qarshiliklar va ba'zan ochiq qo'zg'olon va hatto urushlar bilan ajralib turdi. Ushbu keskinliklar 20-asrning oxirida, Shimoliy Irlandiyada, Shotlandiya va Uelsda tashkil qilingan yig'ilishlar paytida biroz tinchidi. Shunga qaramay, Shimoliy Irlandiyada ham, Irlandiya respublikasida ham referendumlar o'tkazilgandan keyin elektr energiyasini taqsimlash assambleyasi tashkil etilgan taqdirda ham, Shimoliy Irlandiya ittifoqchilari (Shimoliy Irlandiya ustidan Buyuk Britaniya suverenitetini yoqlaydigan) va millatchilar (Irlandiya respublikasi bilan birlashishni yoqlaydigan) o'rtasidagi munosabatlar. XXI asrda keskinligicha qoldi.

Buyuk Britaniya dunyo iqtisodiyotiga, ayniqsa texnologiya va sanoatga katta hissa qo'shdi. Ammo Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan beri Birlashgan Qirollikning eng muhim eksporti madaniy, jumladan, mamlakatning barcha burchaklarida targ'ib qilinadigan adabiyot, teatr, kino, televidenie va mashhur musiqa edi. Ehtimol Britaniyaning eng katta eksporti madaniy va iqtisodiy almashinuvning etakchi xalqaro vositalaridan biri bo'lgan dunyoning har bir burchagida gapiriladigan ingliz tilidir.

Reklama

       Buyuk Britaniya o'zining sobiq imperiyasining bir qismi bilan Hamdo'stlik orqali aloqalarni saqlab turadi. Shuningdek, u AQSh bilan tarixiy va madaniy aloqalardan foyda oladi va Shimoliy Atlantika Shartnomasi Tashkilotining (NATO) a'zosi hisoblanadi. Bundan tashqari, Buyuk Britaniya 1973 yilda Evropa Ittifoqiga a'zo bo'ldi. Ammo ko'pgina britaniyaliklar ba'zan urush davri bosh vaziri Uinston Cherchillning his-tuyg'ulariga quloq tutib: "Biz yaxshilikdan boshqa narsani ko'rmayapmiz. boy, erkinroq va yanada qoniqarli Evropa sherikligiga umid. Ammo bizda o'z orzuimiz va o'z vazifamiz bor. Biz Evropa bilan birgamiz, lekin bu haqda emas. Biz bog'langanmiz, lekin birlashtirilmaganmiz. Bizga qiziqish uyg'otadi, ammo ko'nglimizga yoqmaydi. ” Darhaqiqat, 2016 yil iyun oyida Buyuk Britaniyaning Evropa Ittifoqida qolishi kerakligi haqidagi referendumda britaniyaliklarning 52 foizi chiqib ketishni tanladi. Ko'p muzokaralardan so'ng, bir nechta muddatlar uzaytirildi, ichki siyosiy nizo va bosh vazirning ikki o'zgarishi bilan "Brexit" (Buyuk Britaniyaning Evropa Ittifoqidan chiqishi) to'g'risidagi kelishuv Evropa Ittifoqi va parlamentning ko'p qismini qoniqtirdi. Shunday qilib, 2020 yil 31 yanvarda Buyuk Britaniya birinchi bo'lib Evropa Ittifoqidan chiqib ketdi.

Quruqlik

Buyuk Britaniya to'rtta geografik va tarixiy qismni o'z ichiga oladi - Angliya, Shotlandiya, Uels va Shimoliy Irlandiya. Birlashgan Qirollikda Britaniya orollari aholisi va aholisining katta qismi joylashgan. Bu Buyuk Britaniya, Irlandiya va boshqa kichik orollarni o'z ichiga olgan orollar guruhiga nisbatan jug'rofiy atama. Angliya, Uels va Shotlandiya birgalikda ikkita asosiy oroldan kattaroq Buyuk Britaniyani, Shimoliy Irlandiya va Irlandiya esa ikkinchi eng katta orolni - Irlandiyani tashkil qiladi. Buyuk Britaniyaning janubiy qismini egallab olgan Angliya janubi-g'arbiy qirg'og'idagi Silli orollari va janubiy qirg'oqdan Uayt orolini o'z ichiga oladi. Shimoliy Buyuk Britaniyani egallagan Shotlandiya, shimoliy qirg'oqdan Orkney va Shetland orollarini va shimoli-g'arbiy sohildan Xevridlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Uels Angliya g'arbida joylashgan va shimoli-g'arbda Anglesi orolini o'z ichiga oladi.

Mavzu: Buyuk Britaniyaning ramzlari

Har bir mamlakat o'ziga xos madaniyati va o'ziga xos xususiyatlariga ega, ularni ularning ramzlarida topish mumkin. Buyuk Britaniya va Shimoliy Irlandiya Birlashgan Qirolligi to'rt davlatdan iborat: Angliya, Shotlandiya, Uels va Shimoliy Irlandiya. Ularning har biri o'z belgilariga ega va odatda ikki xil rasmiy va norasmiy belgilar mavjud.

      Angliya Buyuk Britaniyaning asosiy qismidir, chunki uning poytaxti - London shahri. Gul emblemasi va ayni paytda Angliya ramzi qizil atirguldir. Ushbu gul fuqarolar urushi davrida atirgullar urushi deb nomlangan (1455-1485). G'olib bo'lgan oilaning ramzi sifatida qizil atirgul bilan qirollik oilasi.

Angliya gul ramzidan tashqari Angliya milliy hayvoniga ega va u sherdir.

     Shotlandiyadagi milliy gul - qushqo'nmas yoki ba'zan u Shotlandiya Bluebell deb nomlanadi. Bu 15-asrda bu bargli binafsha gul mamlakat chegarasini himoya qilish uchun ishlatilganida ramzga aylandi. Shotlandiya ham o'z milliy hayvoniga ega va u bir tirikdir

Uels bahorgi gullar za'faronining ramziga ega. Ushbu ramzning kelib chiqishi haqida ko'plab versiyalar mavjud, ammo asosiy narsani Shekspir o'zining she'rida aytib o'tgan, uelslik kamonchilar bu gulni dushmanlardan ajratish uchun XV asrdagi Agincourt jangida kiyib olishgan. Ba'zan piyozni Uelsning ramzi sifatida topish mumkin. Uelslik milliy hayvon - qizil ajdaho, u ham Wellsh bayroqida.

     Shimoliy Irlandiyada ham o'zining gul ramzi bor - bu shamrok. Afsonada aytilishicha, bu uch bargli o'simlik yordamida Sankt-Patrik Uchbirlikni tushuntirdi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, Ota, O'g'il va Muqaddas Ruh alohida turolmaydi, chunki shashka bitta ta'tilda bo'lolmaydi. Keyinchalik uning izdoshlari avliyo Patrik kunida shokka kiyishgan.

     Gul belgilaridan tashqari Buyuk Britaniyaning har bir qismida o'z homiysi bor. Ularni avliyo ramzlari deb atash mumkin.

      Angliyada Sent-Jorj homiy bo'lib, uning sharafiga har yili 23-aprel kuni milliy kun - Sent-Jorj kuni nishonlanadi. 1 mart kuni Uelsda milliy kun bo'lib, u Uelsning homiysi bo'lgan Sent-Devidga bag'ishlangan. Shotlandiyaning homiysi Sent-Endryu bo'lib, Skotsmenlar 30-noyabr kuni milliy Sent-Endryu kunini nishonlashadi. Sent-Patrik - Shimoliy Irlandiyaning avliyo homiysi va 17 martda bu ajoyib bayram, Sankt-Patrik kuni.

       Buyuk Britaniyaning barcha gullar va avliyo ramzlarini norasmiy deb atash mumkin va rasmiy ramzlar ularning bayroqlari va emblemalaridir. Angliyaning rasmiy ramzi - oq Jabhada qizil xoch - Sent-Jorj xochidir. Uels milliy bayrog'i Uels ajdaho deb nomlanadi. Oq va yashil yerda qizil ajdaho bor. Shotlandiyaning milliy bayrog'i - moviy zamindagi oq diagonali xoch Sankt-Endryu xochidir. Va Shimoliy Irlandiyaning milliy bayrog'i - bu oq maydondagi qizil diagonal xochdagi Patrik xochidir.

      Alohida belgilar va emblemalardan tashqari Buyuk Britaniyada "Union Jack" umumiy belgisi mavjud. Bu Angliya homiylarining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini birlashtiradigan bayroq, Angliya, Shimoliy Irlandiya va Shotlandiya homiylarining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini birlashtirgan bayroqdir.