96
Once the film thickness has been determined, it can be used with the compressor bore and
Equation 36 and Equation 41 to determine the flowrate under the piston ring and the friction
force as shown in Figure 66.
Figure 66: Procedure to calculate the lubricant flow rate and friction force
As noted in Figure 66, this procedure is done for each Crank-Angle-Degree (CAD) in the
compressor’s stroke allowing for a determination of the film thickness, lubricant flow rate, and
friction force along the entire stroke. The friction force is easily converted to
a power loss by
multiplying the friction force by the piston’s instantaneous speed.
5.3
–
Results of Modeling work
The model contains many variables to account for different compressor sizes and operating
conditions. However, the interest of this section was to determine the effects of just two
variables: the lubricant viscosity and the amount of lubricant on the cylinder wall. Thus, it was
necessary to hold all other variable constant and a system was modeled with
a suction pressure
of 49.3 bara (700 psig), a discharge pressure of 70 bara (1000 psig), a mean temperature of
100°C (212°F) with the compressor dimensions mentioned previously operating at 1000 rpm.
The viscosity of the lubricant and the volume of lubricant were then
varied independently to
determine how those two factors impacted the compressor’s lubrication.
97
5.3.1
–
Lubricant Viscosity
As discussed in section 2.3 - Lubrication Theory Applied to Reciprocating Compressors,
increasing the lubricant’s viscosity increases the separation gap or lubricant film thickness
between the moving parts. In relation to reciprocating compressors, the purpose
of this film is to
prevent asperity contact between the piston ring and the compressor cylinder wall. It is common
to assume that a lubricant film that is three times thicker than the average roughness of the
moving parts will provide proper, hydrodynamic lubrication. A contact familiar with the machining
process at Ariel Inc. (C. Lingel, personal communication, 2020) indicated that the compressor
cylinder bore has an average roughness of 0.813 microns (32 microinches). This implies that a
lubricating film thickness of at least 2.44 microns (96 microinches) is required to properly
prevent contact between the compressor cylinder wall and piston rings.
To investigate how a
lubricant’s viscosity affects the film thickness, lubricant flow rate
, and
power loss, the viscosity was varied across a range of
values. For the reader’s
reference,
liquid
water at 100°C has a viscosity around 0.3 cP. Additionally, the data from Seeton (2019)
measured the viscosity of Mobil Pegasus 805 Ultra to be 7.65 cP when diluted with pure
methane at 70 bara (1000 psig) and 100°C (212°F) while PROGILINE® LPG-WS-150 from
Shrieve Chemical had a viscosity of 20.86 cP at the same conditions. Viscosity values of 0.3,
7.65, and 20.86 cP were chosen to show the effects of the lubricant
’s
viscosity with results
shown in Figure 67, Figure 68, and Figure 69.