Reading passages

271 -The passage makes it clear that a century ago, --- .
A) Africans achieved freedom by holding protest marches 
B) Khartoum won a major victory against Britain's General Kitchner 
C) Africa was still mostly unknown to Europeans
D) Europeans were trying to conquer as much of Africa as they could 
E) General Kitchner fought against the French in Africa 
272 -The word "unfettered" probably means ---- .
A) being held as a slave by another country 
B) being forced to march from one place to another 
C) traumatic historic circumstances 
D) the colonisation of a nation by a stronger one 
E) to be set free from some control or restraint 
273 -The author states that ---- .
A) all will be well for Africa now that the colonial powers have departed 
B) the British and the French should never have left Africa 
C) Africans had to struggle hard for their independence 
D) Africa's history provides a firm foundation for the steady growth of its nations 
E) most nations in Africa are still ruled by European countries 
For hundreds of years, the nomadic Sami reindeer herders of Sweden have taken their 
animals to the lowland snow forests over winter and spent the summer in the high Arctic. 
However, the timber companies are now excluding them from their winter grazing. The 
animals survive the cold and snow by grazing on tree lichens, but the forest owners claim 
that the reindeer damage their property by breaking the tops off the young trees, and are 
using the courts to try to evict them. The Sami community, on the other hand, say that 
every village has its own forest areas where they have been taking their reindeer for 
hundreds of years, since before the settlers arrived from the south. However, the Sami 
have no written language and cannot prove their rights in court as they have no 
documents. 

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