Reading passages

11- It is clearly stated in the passage that …….. .
A) men learnt to put down numbers before they learnt 
to write 
B) all ancient peoples used to count in groups of fives 
C) only the Egyptians used numbers for weighing and 
measuring 
D) all the ancient systems of numbering were almost 
the same 
E) numbers were developed shortly after writing 
systems 
12- The author states that, in the Middle Ages, 
……… .
A) Roman numerals had lost their influence 
B) football, tennis and cricket were popular pastimes 
C) people used to count In twenties 
D) numbering systems developed close to their 
present forms 
E) there were still primitive tribes counting by finger 
Military rockets filled with gunpowder were first 
used in 1312 by the Chinese against the Tatars. The 
idea caught on in the West, too, and rockets lit up the 
sky in 1380 in battle between Venice and Genoa. Th 
Indians used them against the British at the end of the 
18th century. The British were impressed and 

---

 
 
138 
Colonel William Congreve set to work on the 
Congreve rocket, with a rang of 1,800 metres. In 
1806, during the Napoleonic wars, some 200 
Congreve rockets set fire to Boulogne. This had no 
been part of the plan: they had actually beer aimed at 
shipping in the harbour. Rockets have since been also 
used to fire lifelines from ship to shore, to fire 
harpoons into the backs of whales, and of course, to 
launch humans into space. 
13-It is clear from the passage that, originally, 
rockets were ……. .
A) created by western inventors 
B) invented before gunpowder
C) used exclusively in warfare
D) developed by the Tatars 
E) unsuccessfully used in battle