Развитие автомобильной промышленности в советское время

Car production

Yuldashev Azamat MMR-55

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Car production

• Generally in Russia before the revolution there were many attempts to organize own production of cars and electric vehicles. In particular, the famous Russian inventor Romanov manufactured electromobiles of various purposes with a weight from 700 to 1600 kg, speed of movement up to 37 km / h and mileage up to recharging up to 64 km.

• In Russia, the first experiments with internal combustion engines were conducted by Yevgeny Yakovlev. At his plant, he organized a serial production of engines.
• Then Yakovlev, together with Peter Frese in 1896, built the first domestic car with a 1.5-horsepower engine, a belt drive and an evaporation-type carburetor. The engine used water cooling, it had one horizontally located cylinder, two gears forward, no reverse gear. The car was supplied with manual brakes. The width of the car was about 1.3 m, length 2.2 m.

• Before the revolution, about 1000 cars were produced in Russia, their share in the total fleet of cars of the country was about 10%.
• Below is a diagram of the approximate composition of the car fleet.

The development of the automotive industry in the Soviet era

• The first Soviet car AMO-F-15 was produced by the AMO plant in 1924. From this moment the development of the Soviet automobile industry begins.

• In Nizhny Novgorod (later Gorky) in 1930-1932, the company NAZ (GAZ) was built, which produced cars and trucks under the license of Ford Motor Company.

• Before the Great Patriotic War, the automobile industry of the USSR produced over 1 million cars, a significant part of which was received by the Red Army.

• During the Great Patriotic War, the ZIS automobile plant was evacuated to the rear, where on the basis of its equipment new automobile manufacturing enterprises ULZIS and UralZIS (now UAZ and AZ Ural) were established. During the war the assembly of cars from car kits supplied on lend-lease was widely spread.

• In the 1950s and 1970s, the development of the Soviet automobile industry continued with extensive methods, and before the early 1970s, the main priority was given to trucks, in particular, to army multi-axle tractors and all-wheel drive trucks of dual purpose. The mass motorization of the USSR began with the construction of turnkey Italy in 1966-1970. Volga Automobile Plant (VAZ) in Togliatti.

• In 1976, the largest truck factory in Europe, KamAZ, was commissioned, the construction of which was started in 1969.

• By the 1980s. Soviet automotive industry has achieved obvious success in mass production: the world's total production of the USSR took the fifth place in the world, the production of trucks - the third place, the production of buses - the first.

• However, in this decade, fundamentally new front-wheel drive cars with hatchback bodies were mastered: VAZ-2108 Sputnik, Moskvich-2141 Aleko, VAZ-1111 Oka and ZAZ-1102 Tavria, and mass production of diesel medium-tonnage trucks GAZ -4301 and ZIL-4331 and buses LiAZ-5256 and LAZ-4202.

• VAZ-2108 Sputnik

• Moskvich-2141 Aleko

• ZAZ-1102 Tavria

• GAZ-4301

• LiAZ-5256