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Implementing institutional change?
Key words: property relations, market infrastructure, state regulation
Following Bill Halal's model,[1] institutional change is defined as change in an entire class or organizations. Institutional change, at its deepest level, refers to changes in the ideas that govern institutions. [1]As these ideas change, rules and practices shift as well.
When implementing organizational change we are by definition helping the organization to “become different” in some way. ... As a result, we often spend an incredible amount time planning and sharing “what we and others will do” to support the change
The importance of change in business environments allows employees to learn new skills, explore new opportunities and exercise their creativity in ways that ultimately benefit the organization through new ideas and increased commitment, according to Business Partner Magazine.
What is the macroeconomic stabilization?
Key words: economic growth, inflation, unemployment, budget
Macroeconomic stabilization is a condition in which a complex framework for monetary and fiscal institutions and policies is established to reduce volatility and encourage welfare-enhancing growth. Achieving this condition requires aligning currency to market levels, managing inflation, establishing foreign exchange facilities, developing a national budget, generating revenue, creating a transparent system of public expenditure, and preventing predatory actors from controlling the country’s resources. It also requires a framework of economic laws and regulations that govern budgetary processes, central bank operations, international trade, domestic commerce, and economic governance institutions. Stabilization of the economy is a prerequisite for economic growth.
Main directions of social protection of the population?
Key words: healthcare, welfare, education
Answer: Only 27 per cent of the world’s population has adequate social security coverage and more than half lack any coverage at all. The ILO actively promotes policies and provides assistance to countries to help extend adequate levels of social protection to all members of society. Social security involves access to health care and income security, particularly in cases of old age, unemployment, sickness, invalidity, work injury, maternity or loss of a main income earner.
The “Global Campaign on Social Security and Coverage for All” builds on efforts already underway in more than 30 countries. These include projects to help countries extend coverage at the national level and to strengthen community-based social security organizations.
The World Bank Group and the ILO, together with other leading development agencies, will meet during the 71st session of the UN General Assembly to present the Global Partnership for Universal Social Protection. The event will bring together heads of government, diplomats and experts to showcase evidence from more than 20 countries that have achieved universal social protection coverage, and will present the diverse approaches available to make universal social protection an achievable objective as part of every Member State’s plan to realize the SDGs.
Public health is built on effective interventions in two broad domains: the biomedical domain that addresses diseases; and the social, economic and political domain that addresses the structural determinants of health. Effective health policy needs to tackle both domains. However, less rigorous and systematic attention has been paid to health issues in social, economic and political domains in recent decades. Increasingly complex social, economic and political factors are affecting health and health policy-making. One area of complexity relates to health inequities. As emphasized by the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, the social gradient in health is driven by policies in other sectors. Hence, looking at population well-being from the perspective of health and health equity rather than disease demands a new approach to intersectoral collaboration and an imperative to participate earlier in policy processes
Globally, the MDG target of reducing extreme poverty by half has already been met. Economic growth and concomitant job creation have enabled many people in the world to escape income poverty. Social policies that target the most vulnerable populations and build and promote human capital have also played a critical role. However, more efforts are still needed to further eradicate poverty, especially in populous countries with large numbers of people living in extreme poverty as well as in vulnerable and conflict-affected countries. The proportion of undernourished people in developing regions has also decreased. Some countries have made little headway since the early 1990s, such as in Oceania, whereas others, such as in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, have made considerable progress, but are still well above the targets with the numbers of undernourished increasing owing to population growth
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