(sa-sha, sh a-sa, sa -ja , ja - z a v
a h o k a z o la r) tekshiriladi. B olalarga
yo d o igan s h e ’rlarin i aytib berishni t a k l i f c tib, u l a m i n g n u tq
s u r 'a t i n i , o h a n g d o r l i g i n i , n u t q d a n a fa s o lish va c h i q a r i s h n i ,
n u t q n i n g r a v o n li g i n i , ov o z to n i n i, in t o n a t s io n m a ’n o d o rligini va
h o k a z o la rn i te k s h i radi.
B olalar n u t q i d a g i k a m c h ilik la r aks ettirilg an m a ’lu m o tn o -
m a jadvali m a k t a b g a c h a tarb iy a uslubiyot x o nasiga ( s h a h a r yoki
t u m a n u s l u b i y o t x o n a s i g a ) b e r i l a d i . S h a h a r y o k i t u m a n
u s l u b i y o t c h i s i h a m m a b o l a l a r b o g ‘c h a s i d a g i b o l a l a r t o v u s h
ta laffu zin in g a h v o li t o ‘g ‘risida to 'liq m a 'l u m o t g a ega b o l a d i .
A y n i q s a , m a k t a b g a t a y y o r l o v g u r u h i d a g i b o l a l a r n u t q i n i n g
holatlari ji d d iy tahlil qilinadi. Bolalar n u t q in in g tovush m adaniyati
ahvoli t o ‘g ‘risidagi m a 'l u m o t l a r d a n m a k ta b g a c h a tarbiya s o h asid a
is h lo v c h ila rn in g a n j u m a n l a r i d a fo y da la nila di.
2. Tovushlarni í o ‘g ‘ri talaffuz qilishga o 'r g a t i s b b o ‘yicha
ishlarni tashkil etish
M a k t a b g a c h a ta rb iy a y o sh id ag i b o l a l a r d a to v u s h l a r n i talaffuz
etish u l a r n u tq in i h a r a k a t g a keltiruvchi a p p a r a t n i n g ishlashiga
b o g ‘liq b o l l a d i . S h u n i n g u c h u n t o ‘g ‘ri t o v u s h t a l a f f u z i n i
s h a k l l a n t ir i s h b i l a n b i r v a q t d a , n u t q n i h a r a k a t g a k e ltiru v c h i
a p p a r a t n i n g a l o h i d a a ’z o l a r in i d o i m iy m a s h q q ild iris h kerak;
a y n iq sa, la b la rn in g m u s k u lla rin i, lunj ( c h a k a k ) , tilni; j a g 'l a r n in g
h a r a k a tc h a n lig in i rivojlantirish z a m r . Bu a ' z o l a r n i n g a n iq h arak at
q i lis h i t o v u s h l a r n i n g a n i q , r a v o n , t o ‘g ‘ri t a l a f f u z e t il is h i n i
t a ’m i n l a y d i . N u t q a p p a r a t i a ’z o l a r i n i n g h a r a k a t c h a n l i g i n i
r iv o j la n t i r u v c h i m a s h q l a r k i c h ik g u r u h l a r d a h a r k u n i , k a tta
guruhlarda esa haftada 3 — 4 m a rta (m ashgku l o t d a va m ashg‘ulotdan
ta sh q a r i v aq td a ) o ‘tk azilad i. A rtikulatsiya m a s h q l a r i o 'y i n tarzida
o ‘tk a z ila d i. M a s a la n : „ A y t - c h i , x o ‘ro z q a n d a y q i c h q i r a d i ? “ ,
,,Q a rg ‘a q a n d a y q a g ‘illaydi, k u c h u k q a n d a y v o v u lla y d i? “ (birinchi
k ich ik g u ru h ) va b o s h q a la r .
T o ‘g ‘ri to v u s h talaffu zin i tarbiyalash b u y i c h a ishlarni tashkil
e t i s h d a q u y i d a g i a s o s iy u s l u b i y o t l a r d a n ( m e t o d l a r d a n ) foy-
d a la n ila d i: k o 'r g a z m a l i m a t e r ia l bilan o 't k a z i l a d i g a n yoki so'zli
t a 'l i m i y o ‘y in ( „ K i m n i n g u y c h a s i ? “ , „ D o ‘k o n * \ „ O r k e s t r “ );
h a ra k a tli o ‘y in la r ( „ O t l a r “ , „ P o y e z d “ ); t o v u s h g a ta q lid qiluvchi
e r t a k va h ik o y a la r d a n ( „ Q o ‘lq o p “ , „ M i t t i j o ‘j a “ , „ C h i n d o ' s t “ ,
„ A h m o q s ich q o n h aq id a e r t a k “ va b oshqalar); s h e ’rlar, sanam alar,
ay tish u v lar, te z a y t i s h la r d a n fo y da la nila di.
S b u n in g d e k , t o kg kri to v u s h talaffuzini s h a k l l a n t i r i s h d a q u y i
d a g i u s u l l a r d a n f o y d a l a n i l a d i : l) t o ‘g ‘ri t a l a f f u z n a m u n a s i
(ta r b iy a c h i t o ‘g lri to v u s h
talaffuzini aytib k o 'r s a t a d i ) ;
2) j o ‘r
b o ‘lib va y a k k a m a - y a k k a ta k ro r la s h ; 3) t u s h u n t i r i s h ; 4) t o ‘g ‘ri
a r tik u la tsiy a ni k o ‘rsatish.
A g a r tovush talaffuzi b o ‘y ic h a o ‘yin m a s h g ‘u l o t d a n tash q ari
v a q t d a o ‘tkazilsa va u n d a h a m m a b o la la r q a t n a s h m a s a , u v a q td a
t o v u s h n i yaxshi ta la ffu z c t a o l m a y d ig a n b o l a l a r b ila n birga tovush
t a l a f f u z i d a h e c h q a n d a y n u q s o n i b o M m a g a n b o l a l a r d a n b i r
n e c h ta sin i o ‘y inga ja l b qilish kerak. (T a q lid qilish u c h u n n a m u n a
b o ‘ladi.)
N o t o ‘g ‘ri to v u s h talaffu zin i tu z a tis h u s u lla rig a a l o h i d a t a la b -
la r q o ‘yiladi: u n g a t e z - t e z q aytish k e ra k e m a s ( y a ’ni n o t o kg ‘ri
to v u s h taJafíuziga): b u b o l a n i a s a b iy l a s h t i r a d i, o ‘y i n d a n yoki
11 — Q. Shodiycva
161
b o s h q a f a o l i y a t d a n c h a lg ‘itadi. N u t q i d a n u q so n i b o l g a n b o laga
m a s h q q i l is h g a i m k o n y aratish u c h u n u n in g d iq q a tin i t o “g ‘ri
t o v u sh ta la f fu z ig a y o ‘na!tirish kerak. 0 ‘yin m a z n u in i se kin-a sta lik
b ilan m u r a k k a b l a s h t ir ib bo rilad i, y a ’ni o ‘yindagi tovush m ateria li
m u r a k k a b l a s h a d i .
3. N u tq n i eshitish (eshitish nutqi)ni tarbiyalash
ishini tashkil etish
N u t q n i e s h i t i s h n i sh a k lla n tiris h h a m m a g u r u h l a r d a tashkil
etiladi. T a ' l i m i y o ‘y in la r e s h itu v d iq q a tin i rivojlantirishda, y a 'n i
tovushni eshitish qobiliyatini o ‘stirishda katta o ‘rin egallaydi. Kichik
g u r u h l a r d a b u o ‘yin m a s h g ‘u l o t i d a m u siq av iy ovoz c h i q a r a d ig a n
o ‘y i n c h o q l a r d a n foydalaniladi. Bu o ‘y i n c h o q l a r y o rd a m id a bo lalar
t o v u sh k u c h i n i , x a ra k te rin i a jra ta olishga o 4rganadilar. M a s a la n ,
„ Q u y o s h v a y o m g ‘ir" o ‘y in id a b o la la r t a rb iy a c h in in g „ q u y o s h “
deyishi b il a n „ s a y r g a “ c h iq ish a d i va d o ir a sadosi ostida o so y ish ta
y u ris h a d i ( t a r b i y a c h i d o i r a n i s e k i n - s e k i n c h a la d i ) , ta r b i y a c h i
„ y o m g 'i r “ d e b d o i r a n i t e z - te z , b a l a n d chalishi bilan b o la l a r o ‘z
„ u y la r ig a “ ( o l d i n d a n belgilab q o ‘yilgan jo y g a ) yugurishadi. „ T o p -
ch i, n i m a qilish k e r a k ? “ o ‘y in id a b o la la r d o ira n in g yoki shiq ild o q
o 'y i n c h o q n i n g k u ch li ( te z - t e z yoki b a l a n d ) ovozini eshitishlari
bilan q o i l a r i d a g i b a y r o q c h a l a r in i silkitishadi, b o ‘sh ( sust, sekin,
p a s t ) c h a l g a n d a e s a b a y r o q c h a n i t i z z a l a r i g a t u s h i r i s h a d i .
S h u n i n g d e k , „ Q a y e r d a c h a l i s h d i ? " , „ N i m a d a c h a li s h y a p t i ? “ ,
„ M a s x a r a b o z t o ‘siq o r q a s id a n i m a q i l y a p t i? “ d e g a n t a 'l i m i y
o ‘y i n l a r d a n k e n g foydalaniladi. K a tta g u r u h l a r d a e shituv idrokini
r i v o j l a n t i r i s h d a y u q o r i d a b a y o n e t i lg a n o 'y i n l a r d a n t a s h q a r i
r a d io e s h it t ir i s h la r , m a g n it o f o n y ozuvlari h a m katta rol
0
‘ynaydi.
B u n d a n t a s h q a r i , t e z - t e z ,,bir d a q i q a jim jitlik “ ni tashkil etish
kerak. Bu d a q i q a n i „ K im k o ‘p e s h i t a d i? “ , „ X o n a n im a t o ‘g “risida
g a p i r a d i ? “ d e g a n m a s h q ta rz id a o ‘tk azish m u m k in . Bu m a s h q
ja ra y o n id a b a 'z i b i r bolalarga n im a n in g tovushini eshitgan b o l s a l a r
(j o km r a k d a n s u v n i n g to m c h i la s h i n i, qafasdagi q u s h n in g o v ozini
yoki q u s h l a r n i n g q a n o t q o q ish id ag i t o v u s h n i, so a tn in g ch iq il-
lashini v a h o k a z o l a r ) , shu to v u s h la rg a taqlid qilish ta k lif etiladi.
B o s h q a tu rd a g i o ‘yin lar n u t q n i e s h itis h n i ( s o ‘zdagi, n u tq d a g i
t o v u s h l a r n i i d r o k e t i s h v a a n g l a s h u c h u n ) r i v o j l a n t i r i s h g a
q a r a tilg a n d ir . M a s a la n : „ T o p - c h i ,
m e n n i m a d e d i m ? “ ta 'li m i y
o ‘y in id a t a r b i y a c h i b o la la r d a n b i r n e c h a m e t r m a so fa d a tu rib .
avval b a l a n d b o 'l m a g a n o v o z d a , s o 'n g r a p i c h i r l a b s o ' z yoki
j u m la la r n i t a la fíu z e tadi, b o l a l a r esa uni e sh itib , n i m a dey ilg an in i
to p is h la ri kerak. T a rb iy a c h i b o la la r g a bu o ‘yin q o i d a s i n i e ’lon
qiladi: „ M e n j u d a past o v o z d a g a p i r a m a n , siz d i q q a t h ila n q u l o q
so ling va m e n n i m a d c g a n i m n i to p in g . M e n k i m n i c h a q ir s a m ,
s h u b o la n im a n i es h itg a n in i b a l a n d va a n i q a y t a d i " .
K ic h ik g u r u h d a bu o ‘y i n avva) k o 'r g a z m a li m a t e r ia l asosida
o ‘tk a z ila d i: ta rb iy a c h i b o l a l a r o l d i d a t u r g a n o ‘y i n c h o q l a r d a n
b i r in in g n o m i n i s ekin a y t a d i , m u r a k k a b b o M m a g a n to p s h iriq
b e r a d i (L o la , q o ‘g ‘ir c h o q n i stulga o ‘tqiz; S a li m , b a y r o q e h a n i
savatga sol; Vali, gulni g u ld o n g a q o ky). T arbiyachi bu topshiriqlarni
b o la la rg a q a r a b ay tad i, b o l a l a r e s a aytilgan s o 'z l a r n i ta rb iy a c h i -
n in g artik u lats iy a a p p a ra ti a ’z o l a r i n in g h a r a k a ti g a q a r a b t o p a -
dilar. Bu o ‘y in la r b ir n e c h a m a r t a t a k r o r o 't k a z i l g a c h , to p s h iriq
m u ra k k a b la sh tirila d i: t a r b i y a c h i b o la n in g o r q a s i d a t u r i b s o ’zni
ay tad i. T o p s h i r iq b ir m a r t a a y tila d i va 4 —6 b o la (jo y id a o 't i r g a n
h o l d a ) n i m a n i c s h i t g a n l a r i n i a y t i s h a d i , s o ' n g r a k i m t o “g ‘ri
to p g a n lig i a n iq la n a d i. K a tta g u r u h d a v a q t-v a q ti b i l a n b o l a l a r n in g
o ‘z la r ig a o ‘y in n i o lib b o r i s h ( o ‘yin b o s h q a r u v c h i s i ) vazifasi
to p sh irila d i. S h u n in g d e k , u s h b u g u r u h d a j a r a n g d o r l i g i bir-b irig a
ya q in b o 'l g a n ikkita s o ‘z a y tilib , u la rn in g m a 'n o s i n i ay tish tak lif
etiladi. M asa la n :
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |