Python Programming for Biology: Bioinformatics and Beyond

Alignment code

Description

<

Left alignment.

>

Right alignment.

^

Centre alignment.

=

Separate sign and number.

Sign code

Description

+

Shows positive and negative signs.

-

Negative signs only (default).

Uses a space before positive.

Type

code

Description

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b

Binary (base 2).

c

Character, using a numeric ASCII code.

d

Decimal integer (base 10).

e

Exponential, with lower-case ‘e’.

E

Exponential with upper-case ‘E’.

f

Floating point.

g

General number, formatted with exponential if the exponent is less than

−4 or greater than the precision number.

G

General number, as above, but using upper-case ‘E’.

n

Number with local settings, e.g. for thousand separator, decimal point.

o

Octal (base 8).

x

Hexadecimal (base 16), with lower-case letters a–f.

X

Hexadecimal with upper-case letters A–F.

%

Converts to a percentage (multiply by 100.0) and adds a ‘%’ sign.

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