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(graphics):
Top object (computing):
Torsion angle
(mathematics):
Training (computing):
Transcribe (molecular
biology):
Transformation
(mathematics):
Transition matrix
(mathematics):
Translation (molecular
biology):
represent the smallest meaningful parts of a computer language.
A graphical object in a user interface that can contain other
graphical items, but which is not itself contained by any other
items. Such objects are typically free-floating windows and
have an iconified representation when fully minimised.
The top of an object hierarchy in a data model, i.e. the class of
object that contains all others.
See dihedral angle above.
With reference to supervised machine learning methods, the
stage where data with known outcome (e.g. there is a known
classification for a given set of input values) is used to adjust
internal parameters so that the method may be used to recognise
patterns and make predictions in a general way on unseen data.
For a neural network training involves setting the connectivity
weights between nodes so that the output signals are close to the
known values for the given input.
The process of converting a DNA sequence into an RNA
sequence, effectively making a copy of the coding DNA strand
by forming a chain that is complementary, following base-
pairing rules, to the template DNA strand.
A function that maps elements from one set to another,
generally preserving any structure that may be present in the
data. When applied to spatial coordinates, transformations
commonly involve scaling, rotation, translation and shearing.
The matrix that specifies how a Markov chain evolves from one
moment in time to the next; the probability of transitioning from
one state to another.
The process of synthesising a protein’s polypeptide chain where
the sequence of amino acids is determined by subsequent groups
of three bases (codon) in a messenger RNA molecule. The
directed polymerisation reaction is catalysed by a large multi-
component particle called the ribosome.
Transmembrane
(molecular biology):
Transpose
(mathematics):
Travelling salesman
problem (computing):
Trypsin (molecular
biology):
Trigger function
(computing):
Tuple (computing):
Two-sample T-test
(mathematics):
Two-tailed test
(mathematics):
Something that resides in and spans the lipid bilayers that form
cellular membranes. Usually used to refer to hydrophobic
protein domains that are embedded in lipids so that the protein
is exposed on both sizes of the membrane, in contrast to a
membrane-associated protein which is only attached on one
side.
A matrix obtained by swapping rows with columns, i.e. flipping
about the diagonal.
A classic example of a computationally hard problem, involving
the determination of the most efficient route for a person to visit
a given set of points on a map, i.e. which order the visits should
be made in.
A protein-cleaving enzyme (a protease), originally isolated from
the pancreas of many animals where it works to digest food.
Artificially synthesised trypsin is a common tool in molecular
biology for cutting up protein chains at predictable locations.
In machine learning, when referring to the nodes of a neural
network, the trigger function is the operation associated with a
node that converts the summation of all the (weighted) input
signals into an output signal. The trigger functions are typically
step-like or S-shaped (e.g. the sigmoidal hyperbolic tangent) so
that only inputs above a threshold cause a significant output and
so that the maximum output is limited.
A data structure containing an ordered collection of items. In
Python a tuple cannot be modified after creation and may
contain any kind of item, including mixtures of different types.
A statistics test which indicates whether two samplings which
are assumed to be normally distributed with the same variance
have the same mean.
A statistical test that determines the probability of an observed
value having at least a given separation from a mean value (in
either direction); for example, the probability that an
observation is separated from the mean by at least one standard
Type (computing):
Type checking
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