Psychology of management

In the first layer
there are realized first of all 
immediate contacts between people
based on emotional acceptance or unacceptance; 
in the second layer
these relations are 
mediated by 
the character of the common activity
; 
in the third layer
named the group core, 
there develop the 
relations based on acceptance by all group-members of the common aims 
of group activity
. This layer corresponds to the utmost level of a group’s development, and, 
consequently, its presence enables to state that we have a collective in front of us. 
The central link of group structure is made up by the group activity itself
, and this 
should be necessarily a socially positive activity. The sufficient extent of its development can be 
proved by means of the three selected criteria: 1) evaluation of the main social function 
performed by the group; 2) evaluation of the group’s conforming with social norms; 3) 
evaluation of group’s ability to ensure each of its members a possibility for full-fledged (or 
socially accepted) personality development. 
The second layer of group structure
is the fixation of 
each group member’s attitude 
to the group activity, its goals, and tasks
. This layer is described at present as not only the 

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coincidence of values concerning common activity, but also as the development of a certain 
motivation of group members, their emotional identification with the group. 
The third layer fixes interpersonal relations proper which are mediated by activity
. 
The fourth layer
of group structure 
fixes the superficial relations between group 
members
. These are the same interpersonal relations, precisely that part of them which is built 
on immediate, emotional contacts, where neither collective activity goals, nor orientation values 
significant for the whole collective act as the main factor mediating personal contacts of group 
members.