Psychologists suggest that to cure cruelty

In Japan, the companies and their employees have a close relationship

1. 
   in order to increase the level of productivity
   
2. 
   as Japanese culture values work more than family life
   
3. 
   so that the workers won't look for work elsewhere
   

D) because so many people are employed for life

2. If there is no longer any work for a Japanese employee

1. 
   it is impossible to find another job
   
2. 
   retirement is the only option
   
3. 
   the company doesn't dismiss him but trains him for another job
   
4. 
   the company will continue to provide the essentials for his family