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Part V: Hindu saints and sages (approx. 2 days)
Part VI: Hindu Images in Context: Temples as the Sacred Abodes of the
Gods (read Kramrisch, Hindu Temple, chpts. 1 and 8)
(approx. 3·4 days)
Part VII: Hindu Images in Context: Iconographic Programs (approx.
1 week)
Part VIII: Iconographic Texts (approx. 3·4 days)
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Notebook Assignment
The Notebook that you will prepare as your out·of-class assignment
serves the following purposes:
1. it provides a resource for the open-Notebook portions of your exams
2. it provides a resource for future reference
Required:
1. retype class notes and keep in a chronological fashion in one section
of your Notebook (you may wish to enhance the notes with materials from
your readings; you may also wish to copy sections of the notes and put in
other sections of the Notebook)
2. additional material on three deities (or variations of deities) TO BE
APPROVED BY PROFESSOR HUNTINGTON IN ADVANCE; for suggestions and
instructions, see next page.
Optional:
3. You may wish to include typed notes based on your readings (these
will be helpful during the open book exams, since during the exams you will
be able to use your Notebooks, but not any other books)
4. You are free to organize your Notebook in any way that you wish;
you may cross reference, create an index, a glossary, and any other tools you
feel will help you in your study of Hindu art.
5. You may include xeroxes of photographs of different images to serve
as reminders to you but this is not required. You might also include
drawings made from slides shown in lecture.
• •
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Reading list (on reserve in the Fine Arts Library, We][Jler Center):
BaneIjea, J. N. Devel. of Hindu Iconography
Basham, A. L. The Origins and Development
of Classical Hinduism
Coomaraswamy, A. The Dance of Siva
Danielou, Alain Hindu Polytheism
Eck, Diana L. Darsan
Huntington, Susan L. Art of Ancient India
Kinsley, David Hinduism
Kinsley, David Hindu Goddesses
Kramrisch, Stella The Hindu TemplE, 2 vols.
Rao, T A. G. Elements of Hindu Iconography
Stutley, M. and J. Dictionary of Hinduism
BL 1205 B 3 1956 OR
BL 1152.3B371989 OR
DS 423 C77 1968 OR
BL 1216 D 3 CR
BL 1205 E25 1985 CR
N 7301 H86 1985 CR
BL 1202 K48 1982 CR
BL1216.2K561986 CR
NA 6002 K 72 1976 CR
BL 1201 065 1971 CR
BL 1105 S78 OR
Walker, Benjamin Hindu World, 2 vols. BL1105 w3 OR
Zimmer, H. Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and
Civilization BL 2003 Z 72 1972 OR
LIST IF DEITIES to ADD to IIJl'EBO(IC!
1. Each student should select three deities fran the list below.
you will have to work: on the same deity 8S there are not enough to
2. For each deity you should try to:
give alternative names and forms for the deity
identify original religious texts (e.g. Vedas, specific
Puranas. etc.) that mention/discuss the deity
identify the major characteristics of the deity (attributes.
mudras. yahanas. color. features of costume and ornamentation.
etc.
identify main meanings associated with the deity and how the
deity might be u3ed 1n temple context. wor:!hip rituals. etc.
relate main stories associated with deeds/life of the deity
(Sane of
go around.)
ident1£'y other deities with which your deity 1s closely associated.
provide sane historical perspective (e.g. deity's name appears 1n
Vedas. earliest forms seen in Gupta period. becomes mainly
popular 1n Tamil region of south India in Cola period, etc.)
• if deity 1~ particularly (or solely) popular 1n one region of
India, specifY
• provide illUstrations :showing typical and more unusual forms
note any fe.tivalslholidays especially a.sociated with the deity
3. Select your deities from the following list:
Agastya (male sage)
Agni (male)
Balarama (male)
Gamunda (female)
Candi (female)
Garuda (male)
1ndra (male)
kimnara(s) (= kinnaras) ("heavenly musicians")
JilllbhalalKubera (male)
Kama (male)
Lajja-Gauri (female)
l.akulisa (male)
Hanikka Vasahar (male saint)
raksasa(s) ("night wanderers", a category of evil beings)
Revanta (male)
Rudra ( ... le)
Sastal Aiyanar (male)
Uma (female)
Varuna (male)
VasudharaiVasundhara (female)
Yama (male)
CLASS SCHEDULE History of Art 771
FALL, 2005
SEMINAR ON BUDDHIST AND HINDU PILGRIMAGE IN INDIA
WEEK 1 September 20, 2005
Introduction and Background
WEEK 2 September 27, 2005
Overview of Buddhism and Buddhist Pilgrimage
Overview of Devotional Activities
WEEK 3 October 4, 2005
Overview of Hinduism and Hindu Pilgrimage
Reading and Discussion: Eck, Darsan, whole book.
WEEK 4 October 11, 2005
Video of Puja
Reading and Discussion: Eck, Banaras, through Chpt. 4
WEEK 5 October 18, 2005
Reading and Discussion: Eck, Banaras, Chpt. 5 to end.
WEEK 6 October 25, 2005
Reading and Discussion: Strong, Asokavadana, Preface and Chapters
1, 4, and pages 204-221, 238-260.
WEEK 7 November 1, 2005
Reading and Discussion: Strong, Relics, Preface through whole book.
WEEK 8 November 8, 2005
Student oral presentations.
WEEK 9 November 15, 2005
Student oral presentations.
WEEK 10 November 21, 2005
NOTE: Monday not Tuesday this week
Student oral presentations
History 543.01
Ancient India
INTRODUCTION: This course offers an introduction to the history and culture of ancient and medieval India, that is, to the period of South Asian history prior to the Muslim invasions of the subcontinent in the 10th and 11th centuries c.e. The course will not, however, concentrate on political history, but will focus primarily on the study of religious traditions and social institutions which are of central and continuing importance for the later history of South Asia. Indeed, the final week of the course shall be devoted to a discussion of the religious beliefs and political techniques of Mahatma Gandhi, as a means of illustrating the vitality of Indian religious traditions in modern times.
REQUIREMENTS: Students will be required to complete a map question, three short papers and a comprehensive final examination. The topics for the papers are given below. There will also be at least two brief quizzes on terms and concepts discussed in the weekly readings. The dates of these quizzes will be announced in class. Each paper will account for twenty percent of the grade, while the map exercise and quizzes will together make up ten percent of the total grade. The final examination will count for twenty-five percent of the grade with the remaining five percent based upon class participation.
Books for the course may normally be purchased at the Student Book Exchange on High Street. Students who wish to use different editions of texts should be certain to check with the instructor first.
The class will normally meet twice a week, Monday and Wednesday, for just under two hours. Students are expected to attend regularly or present evidence of cobra bites, tiger attacks, malaria or other tropical afflictions.
LECTURES AND READINGS
WEEK 1:
a. Monday: Introduction and Indian geography.
b. Wednesday: Indus civilization and pre-Aryan population.
Readings: Stanley Wolpert, A New History of India (most recent edition preferred but not necessary), pp. 3-14.
n.b. For the map question, distributed in class, please visit the map room on the second floor of the main library.
WEEK 2:
a. Monday: Aryans or Indo-Europeans and Aryan Language and Religion.
b. Wednesday: The Upanishads; Lecture and Discussion.
Readings: Wolpert, A New History of India, 24-37; Juan Mascaro, The Upanishads (entire volume) or other editions such as Alistair Shearer and Peter Russell, the Upanishads.
WEEK 3:
a. Monday: Buddhism: Hinayana and Mahayana
b. Wednesday: The Mauryan Empire and Ashoka.
Readings: Wolpert, A New History of India, 37-54; The Dhammapada (entire).
WEEK 4:
a. Monday:The Laws of Manu and the idea of caste.
b. Wednesday: Discussion: A. Mayer, Caste and Kinship in Central India, Chapters 1-3.
Readings: Laws of Manu (handouts); Adrian Mayer, Caste and Kinship in Central India, 1-3
WEEK 5:
a. Monday: Discussion: Mayer, chapters 4 and 5.
b. Wednesday: Caste: South Indian variant: Kerala
Readings: Mayer, Caste and Kinship in Central India, 4-7.
WEEK 6:
a.Monday: Movie: North Indian Village and village religion.
b. Wednesday: the Invasions: Greek, Sythian and Kushan.
Readings: Wolpert, A New History of India, 55-87; R. Redfield and Milton Singer, "Village India," xerox on reserve; W.W. Tarn, The Greeks in Bactria and India, 351-408.
WEEK 7:
a. Monday: Cartography: Greek/Islam and "Hindu".
b. Wednesday: Puranic Hinduism and Bhakti.
Readings: Franklin Edgerton bans and ea., The Bhagavad Gita (entire)
WEEK 8:
a. Monday: Bhakti in Bengal and Virishaivism in South India
b. Wednesday: Video: Ramayana and Gita Govinda
Readings: Virishaiva poems (distributed in class).
WEEK 9:
a. Monday: The Gupta empire and successor states.
b. Wednesday: Rajputs and the Turkish/Muslim invasions.
Readings: Wolpert, A New History of India, 88-126; Kalidasa, Shakuntala (entire).
WEEK 10:
a. Monday: Discussion: Shakuntala and Introduction to Gandhi.
b. Wednesday: Religion and the Politics of Non-Violence - the legacy to Martin Luther King.
Readings: M.K. Gandhi, Autobiography (entire).
ESSAY TOPICS
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The authors of The Upanishads and the Buddha were both concerned with the problem that became the central issue in Indian religious life from the late Vedic period down to modern times. In your paper first explain the nature of that problem as defined by these men. Then explain how these two approaches are similar to or differ from each other. 3-5 pp. typewritten(750-1250 words). due Monday of week 4.
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Ramkheri is an example of a highly stratified society. In this essay first describe how Ramkheri villagers rank castes in terms of their ritual status. Then evaluate the degree to which this status accurately reflects the economic power of the major castes in the village. 3-5pp. typewritten. Due Monday of week 6.
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Underlying the visual and poetic imagery of the Krishna legend is an important religious argument. Explain the religious symbolism of the poetry and painting devoted to this legend. Then analyze the extent to which the doctrine of Krishna worship differs from and is similar to Vedism and Buddhism (both Hinayana and Mahayana).
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History 543.02
Islamic India
INTRODUCTION: This course is intended to serve as an introduction to the study of Muslim India: the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughul empire and the Muslims of British India. It will discuss the nature of Indo-Muslim society, the ruling classes and Imperial institutions, Indo-Muslim culture and the situation of Indian Muslims under colonial rule. The course will meet twice weekly in two hour sessions.
REQUIREMENTS: Students will be required to complete the following assignments: (a) a map exercise, (b) an assigned essay required of all students, (c) a term paper on a subject to be chosen in consultation with the instructor, and (d) a final examination.
READINGS:
Ross Dunn, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989)
Wheeler Thackston, trans. and ed., The Babur Nama (N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1996)
Stanley Wolpert, A History of India (most recent edition)
SCHEDULE:
WEEK 1
a. Introduction to the course, and geography of South Asia.
b. The Islamic World and South Asia.
Readings: Wolpert, A History of India, pp. 1-103.
n.b. Map exercise due the first day of the second week of class.
WEEK 2
a. First Muslim settlements: Sind and Malabar.
b. Ghaznavids and the Sultanate; and discussion, Conversion to Islam.
Readings: Wolpert, A History of India, pp. 104-125.
Levtzion, zeroxes on conversion.
WEEK 3
a. The Sultanate: the ruling class and Muslims in Bengal.
b. Muslims in the Deccan - Mandu.
Readings: Wolpert, A History of India, same as week 2.
Dunn, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, pp. 1-183.
WEEK 4
a. Sufism in India: Chishtis and Naqshbandis.
b. Babur and the founding of the Mughul empire.
Readings: Wolpert, A History of India, pp. 126-134.
Dunn, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, pp. 183-240.
Thackston, The Babur Nama, Introduction and pp. 9-137.
WEEK 5
a. Akbar and Fatehpur Sikri - movie on Fatehpur Sikri
b. Economics of empire, and jagirs and mansabdars.
Readings: Wolpert, A History of India, pp. 149-167.
Thackston, The Babur Nama, pp. 138-303.
WEEK 6
a. Court culture: literature and painting.
b. The Taj Mahal and movie: "The Sword and the Flute."
Readings: Thackston, The Babur-Nama, pp. 310-446.
WEEK 7
a. Mughul decline: Marathas, Jats and Sikhs.
b. Intellectuals and decline and regional courts - Oudh(Awadh).
Readings: Wolpert, A History of India, pp. 168-186.
Philip Calkins, "The formation of a Regionally Oriented Ruling Group," zerox on reserve.
WEEK 8
a. British rule and the Mutiny.
b. British post-mutiny policies and Saiyid Ahmad Khan
Readings: Wolpert, A History of India, pp. 135-148 & 187-249.
Peter Hardy, The Muslims of British India, pp. 1-91 (on reserve).
WEEK 9
a. Aligarh Muslim University and the Deoband "Academy."
b. Sufi Music and Urdu poetry.
Readings: Peter Hardy, The Muslims of British India, pp. 91-146. (on reserve).
WEEK 10
a. Congress and the Muslim League and the Khilafat Movement.
b. Iqbal, Jinnah and the politics of partition.
Readings: Peter Hardy, The Muslims of British India, pp. 146-255 (on reserve).
ESSAY #1 (required of all students)
In India unlike other areas where Muslim armies triumphed most of the population never converted to Islam. There were from the first, therefore, serious questions raised about the "Islamic" quality of Muslim states and societies in South Asia. Based upon your reading of Ibn Battuta and your text state whether you think the Delhi Sultanate of the fourteenth century was or was not an "Islamic" state.
In writing be certain to define your terms and justify your conclusions with accurate quotations that should be precisely footnoted at the end of the essay.
4-6pp.
Due: the Friday of the 5th week of class.
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History 543.03: Colonial India (Spring 2008)
T/Th: 9:30-11:18
SM 1042
Dr. Mytheli Sreenivas
Office: Dulles 365
Office Hours: Thursdays 11:30-1:00 and by appointment
Office Phone: 247-8057
E-mail: sreenivas.2@osu.edu
Course Description
This course investigates the history of the Indian subcontinent during British rule, ca. 1757-1947. Termed the “jewel in the crown” of Britain’s vast overseas empire, India played a pivotal role in the global histories of imperialism and anti-colonial nationalism from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. In addition to discussing the causes and consequences of British conquest, we will also consider Indian responses to British rule – ranging from important leaders to the ordinary men and women who helped to shape the society, politics, and economy of colonial India. We end the course with the partition of the subcontinent into the independent nations of Pakistan and India in 1947.
This course fulfills the following requirements: Group A, pre &post 1750
Course Objectives
Upon completion of this course, students will:
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Acquire a perspective on history and an understanding of the factors that shape human activity. This knowledge will furnish students insights into the origins and nature of contemporary issues in South Asia, and serve as a foundation for comparative understanding.
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Develop critical thinking through the study of diverse interpretations of historical events.
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Apply critical thinking through historical analysis of primary and secondary sources.
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Develop communications skills through exams, essays, and class discussions.
Course Materials
All of the assigned books are available for purchase at the Student Book Exchange (SBX) at 1806 North High Street.
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Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy (Routledge, 2nd ed. 2003).
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Stephen Hay, ed. Sources of Indian Tradition, vol. 2 (Columbia University Press, 1988).
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Mohandas K. Gandhi, An Autobiography: Story of my experiments with truth, (Beacon Press, reprint 1993).
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Rabindranath Tagore, The Home and the World (Penguin Classics, 2005).
** Additional readings will be available via the internet and the library’s electronic reserves system.
Course Requirements and Grades
Your final course grade will consist of the following:
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Attendance and Participation (15%): This course will combine lecture and discussion. Please come to class having completed the readings and be prepared to discuss them with your fellow students. I strongly encourage you to take notes on all readings and to jot down any questions you have about them. In addition to supporting your class participation, these notes should also assist you in preparing for the essays and the exam. Any “pop” quizzes or other short assignments will be included in the participation grade.
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Primary source assignment (5%): You will need to bring in, and discuss, a newspaper account of the 1857 rebellion in India. Details TBA
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Two response papers (25% each): Each essay (4-5 pages) will require that you respond to critical issues raised in the readings. No outside research is required; I will provide you with a choice of questions.
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Final exam (30%): This will be a “take-home” exam, and will include identification and essay questions.
SCHEDULE OF READINGS AND ASSIGNMENTS
Introduction to the South Asian Region
March 25: Pre-colonial India
Colonial Encounters
March 27: Eighteenth-century Encounters
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Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, ch. 5, “India between Empires: Decline or Decentralization?”
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Firishtah and Dow, “The History of Hindostan” [handout]
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Ghulam Husain Khan, “The Seir Mutaqherin, or View of Modern Times,” [handout]
April 1: Establishing Empire
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Bose and Jalal, ch. 6, “The Transition to Colonialism: Resistance and Collaboration”
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Ananda Ranga Pillai, in Sources of Indian Tradition, 4-6
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Robert Clive, “Letter to William Pitt,” [ER]
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Edmund Burke, “Speech to the House of Lords,” [ER]
April 3: Orientalists and Utilitarians
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Bose and Jalal, ch. 7, “The First Century of British Rule, 1757 to 1857: State and Economy”
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Nathaniel Halhed, “A Code of Gentoo Laws,” pp. xi-xvi [images 7-14] (Library electronic resource).
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Thomas Macaulay, “Minute on Indian Education”: http://www.geocities.com/bororissa/mac.html
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Raja Rammohun Roy, in Sources, “A Letter on Education,” 31-33
April 8: Early Responses to British Rule
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Bose and Jalal, ch. 8, “Company Raj and Indian Society, 1757-1857: Reinvention and Reform of ‘Tradition’”
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Raja Rammohun Roy, in Sources, 15-31
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Debendranath Tagore, in Sources, 38-44
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Karl Marx, “The British Rule in India,” [ER]
April 10: Rejecting Empire: Rebellion in 1857
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Bose and Jalal, ch. 9, “1857: Rebellion, Collaboration and the Transition to Crown Raj”
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The Azamgarh Proclamation, in Sources, 177-180
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Karl Marx, “The Indian Revolt,” [ER]
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OPTIONAL: Jenny Sharpe, “The Unspeakable Limits of Rape: Colonial Violence and Counter-Insurgency”
**RESPONSE PAPER #1: DUE IN CLASS**
Colonial Society
April 15: Reform and Revival (Part 1)
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Bose and Jalal, ch. 10, “High Noon of Colonialism: State and Political Economy”
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Swami Vivekananda, in Sources, 72, 75-76
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Keshub Chunder Sen, in Sources, 44-50
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Syed Ahmad Khan, in Sources, 180-195
** PRIMARY SOURCE ASSIGNMENT DUE IN CLASS**
April 17: Reform and Revival (Part 2)
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Mahadev Govind Ranade, in Sources, 102-109
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Muhammad Iqbal, in Sources, 205-207, 213
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Dayananda Saraswati, in Sources, 52-60
April 22: Memory, Memoir, and Colonial Rule
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Rassundari Debi, “My Life,” [ER]
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Ramabai Ranade, “Memoirs of our Life Together,” [ER]
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Binodini Dasi, “My Story,” [ER]
April 24: Gendered Critiques
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Tarabai Shinde, “A Comparison between Women and Men,” [ER]
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Nazar Sajjad Hyder, “Purdah,” [ER]
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Ranajit Guha, “Chandra’s Death” [ER]
April 29: Imagining Empire
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Rudyard Kipling, “Beyond the Pale” http://whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au/words/authors/K/KiplingRudyard/prose/PlainTales/beyondpale.html
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Petition of Englishwomen in India, 1883” [handout]
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Charles Allen, ed., Plain tales from the Raj [selections, ER]
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George Orwell, “Shooting an Elephant,” http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200141.txt
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Gunga Din [film clips screened in class]
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