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climate that are directly or indirectly caused by human agents, which changes the composition of the
atmosphere in addition to natural climate changes. Climate changes include observations and
projections of regional or local increases
or decreases in temperature, changes in the timing and
amount of rainfall, and sea level rise. (ISPONRE, DONRE, WWF, 2013b), etc.
With complex geographical conditions, the North Central Coastal Region of Vietnam is one of the
regions heavily affected by natural disasters. The reality has shown that this region has been being
impacted by at least 9 forms of natural disasters and calamities caused by climate changes, including
typhoons, floods (including flash floods), droughts, southwestern wind (Lao wind), landslides,
cyclones, salt water intrusion, river bank erosion and cold spells.
The North Central Coast region of Vietnam is located in 6 provinces:
Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha
Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue which have socio-economic difficulties and
underdeveloped conditions; complex geographical conditions, terrains, and harsh climates. The lives
of the people, especially the poor, are vulnerable to climate changes. However, the study of issues
related to the impact of climate change hazards on the population in this region, especially for the
livelihoods
of the poor, has not received adequate attention from organizations and individuals.
Therefore, the authors chose the topic “Impacts of climate changes on the livelihoods of the poor in
North Central Coastal Region of Vietnam” as a research topic with the desire to provide more
scientific bases and arguments for agencies to plan and implement policies to protect and create better
livelihoods for the poor here in the context of increasingly severe climate changes.
The impacts of climate changes (risk level) function as an exposure to climate changes due to the
risks posed and the sensitivity of the target asset or system to such exposure (ICEM).
Moss et al. (2001) identified ten representatives for five climate-sensitive areas, namely settlement
sensitivity, food security, human health, ecosystems and water resources and seven representatives for
three areas of coping and adaptive capacity, economic capacity, human resources and natural or
environmental resources.
Dolan and Walker (2003) discussed
adaptive capacity determinants, including access to and
distribution of wealth, technology, information, perceptions and perspectives
on social risks and
capital, as well as important institutional frameworks to address the risks of climate changes.
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