When the Constitutional Convention convened in May 1787, the 12
state delegations in attendance (Rhode Island did not send delegates)
brought with them an accumulated experience over a diverse set of
institutional arrangements between legislative and executive branches
from within their respective state governments. Most states maintained
a weak executive without veto or appointment powers, elected annually
by the legislature to a single term only, sharing power with an executive
council, and countered by a strong legislature. New York offered the
greatest exception, having a strong, unitary governor with veto and
appointment power elected to a three-year term, and eligible for
reelection to an indefinite number of terms thereafter. It was through
the closed-door negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed
in the U.S. Constitution emerged.
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