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Research methods:
- comparative method (for comparing the adjective name in the dictionaries of English and Russian languages);
- method of linguistic description (for the study and description of the stylistic coloring of the adjective name, its presentation in the explanatory dictionaries of English and Russian);
- the method of component analysis (to identify differences in the stylistic coloring of the adjective in the explanatory dictionaries of English and Russian);
- statistical method (for analyzing statistical characteristics of the stylistic coloring of the adjective, identifying their frequency on the material of explanatory dictionaries of English and Russian languages);
- method of stylistic analysis.
The novelty of the study:
- Identification and description of similarities and differences in the system of stylistic litters and in the stylistic coloring of the adjective in the explanatory dictionaries of English and Russian languages;
- Development of a methodology for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the stylistic coloring of the adjective name based on the material of explanatory dictionaries of English and Russian languages;
– For the first time, a linguistic and statistical study of similarities and differences in the presentation of the expressive and functional - stylistic coloring of the adjective name was conducted on the material of explanatory dictionaries of English and Russian languages.
Hypothesis
Currently, the language is replenished with a large number of new lexical units, many of which are characterized by new stylistic shades, and the system of vocabulary stylistic litter remains the same, which does not correspond to the level of development of stylistics in general and types of stylistic coloring in particular, therefore, the scientific objectivity of the study of the stylistic coloring of a part of speech (in this case, the adjective) increases when taking into account the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the presentation of the stylistic coloring of a language unit in the explanatory dictionaries of English and Russian and the corresponding litter in them, taking into account the current level of stylistics development.
"Stylistic coloring or stylistic connotation in another way is defined as additional to the subject-logical and grammatical meaning of a linguistic unit, its expressive-emotional-evaluative and functional properties (components of meanings), which limit the possibilities of using this unit to certain spheres and conditions of communication." [Nikitina L. B., 2019, p. - 4]
According to the definition of O.S. Akhmanova in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms, stylistic coloring is "accompanying semantic or stylistic shades... to express various kinds of expressive-emotional-evaluative overtones" [pp. 203-204]
In modern linguistic literature, the term stylistic coloring is usually used as a synonym not only for stylistic meaning, but also for stylistic coloring, labeling, since it means part of the semantic structure of a linguistic unit. Therefore, this broader term is used here. (This to some extent echoes the use of E.F. Petrishcheva also of one term — coloring, with reference to the non-distinction in the literature of the terms stylistic meaning and coloring) [Petrishcheva E.F., 1984, p. 17]
There are two types of stylistic coloring: functional - stylistic and emotionally expressive.
1. Functional and stylistic coloring. It is caused by the regular use of a particular unit of language in a certain functional style of the language.
2. Emotional-evaluative or emotional-expressive coloring. With the help of words with emotional and evaluative coloring, the "coloring" of the designated objects themselves is carried out, the attitude towards them is expressed, their assessment is made. This coloring is organically inherent in the linguistic unit, inseparable from its meaning. It manifests itself in any sphere of use of this unit, in the most minimal contexts and even in isolation. [Belova O.V., 2013].
Functional-stylistic coloring is one of the types of stylistic coloring of a linguistic unit (word), indicating its attachment to a certain functional style: send (neuter) - send (official). [Lectures on Lexicography, 2001, p. - 179]
Functional - stylistically colored vocabulary includes, first of all, words that are most or exclusively used in a particular speech sphere corresponding to one of the functional styles. The tradition of usage, attachment to a certain situation and the purpose of communication lead to the appearance of functional and stylistic coloring in these words. From the point of view of functional and stylistic, such types of stylistic coloring as book and colloquial can be distinguished, which stand out against the background of neutral, stylistically non-colored units. [Tatiana, 2014, p. - 9]
In each type of speech, words characteristic of it are used, having the appropriate stylistic coloring. And only neutral words are used everywhere, in all its varieties, since their stylistic coloring is zero. And they form the basis, the background of any speech. If we take neutral words as a starting point, then book words will be higher than neutral ones, since they elevate the style of presentation, give it a bookish and even high coloring, and colloquial (and colloquial) words will be lower than neutral ones – they reduce the style, give speech a reduced and often rough coloring:
Bookshelves
(high coloration)
Neutral words
(zero coloration)
Colloquial
(reduced coloration)
[N. A. Kupina, T. V. Matveeva, 2013, pp.69-70]
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