Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

C.The adverb of Manner.(Holat ravishi)

easily-osonlik bilan

quickly-tez

well-yaxshi

thus-shunday qilib,shu tarzda,shu sababli

upside down-teskari, ag’dar-to’ntar

aloud-baland ovozda

how-qanday qilib

somehow-qanday bo’lmasin

askance-ko’z qiri bilan, zimdan,yondan

unawares-qo’qqisdan,kutulmaganda, birdan

in turn(by turns)-navbat bilan

one by one-birma bir

carefully-diqqat bilan

slowly-sekin

D)The adverb of Repetition and Frequency(Takror ravishi)

Often-tez-tez

seldom-kamdan kam

ever-hech

never-hech qachon

sometimes-ba’zan

always-har doim

rarely-kamdan kam

occasionally-ba’zan,gohida

frequently-tez-tez

twice-ikki marta

E.The adverb of Cause and Consequence.(sabab va natija)

Therefore-shuning uchun

consequently-natijada

accordingly-ga muvofiq

because-chunki

so-shuning uchun

then-keyin,so’ngra

however-biroq

nevertheless-shunga qaramay

besides-dan tashqari

moreover-bundan tashqari

otherwise-aks hollarda

F.The adverb of Interrogative.(so’roq ravishi)

where-qayerda(ga)

when-qachon

why-nega

how much-qancha

Note: So’roq olmoshlari gapda bog’lovchi bo’lib ham kelishi mumkin.

For.ex:I called when he was away.

G.The adverb of Quantity and Degree.(miqdor-daraja ravishi)

very-juda

quite-ancha,juda

too-juda

almost-deyarli

entirely-to’liq,butunlay

rather-juda

sufficiently-yetarli

enough-yetarli

little-kam,oz

much-ko’p

so-shunday,shuncha,juda

hardly-zo’rg’a,arang

scarcely-arang,zo’rg’a

nearly-deyarli

II.Forms of Adverbs(Ravishning shakllari)

1.Sodda ravishlar: almost,here,now…

2.Yasama ravishlar: Bularga sifat tarkibiga “-ly” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasalgan sifatlar kiradi. For.ex:

Adjective	adverb
Soft	softly
Bright	brightly
Careful	carefully
Honest	honestly
Helpful	helpfully
Happy	happily
Terrible	terribly
Beautiful	beautifully
Slow	slowly
Quick	quickly
Economic	economically
Historic	historically
Considerable	considerably
Serious	seriously
Automatic	automatically
Scientific	scientifically

Diqqat e’tibor bering!

Sifatga -ly qo’shib ravish yasaganda quyidagicha fonetik o’zgarishlar bo’lishi mumkin.

1. Normal holat: serious-seriously

2.-le bilan tugaydigan sifatlarda –e tushib qoladi va –y qabul qiladi: gentle-gently

3.-y bilan tugaydigan sifatlarda –y tushib qoladi va –ily qabul qiladi: happy-happily

4.-l bilan tugaydigan sifatlar –ly ni qabul qiladi: awful-awfully

5.-ic bilan tugaydigan sifatlar, odatda –ally qabul qiladi: dramatic-dramatically BUT: public-publicly

6.-e bilan tugaydigan sifatlarga –ly qo’shiladi. polite-politely BUT: true-truly

NOTE: -ly bilan tugaydigan shunday so’zlar borki ular ravish emas, balki sifatdir.

elderly-qari,keksa

lively-quvnoq,jonli,qizg’in,jo’shqin

lonely-yolg’iz, yakka

cowardly-qo’rqoq

friendly-samimiy,do’stona

likely-ehtimol,yuz berishi mumkin bo’lgan

deadly-o’limga olib keladigan,zerikarli

silly-ahmoqona,ahmoq

ugly-xunuk,badbashara, noxush

lovely-ajoyib, chiroyli,go’zal,

courtly-xushmuomila, nozik,nafis,nazokatli

heavenly-samoviy,ajoyib,juda yoqimli

earthly-yerga oid, yer…, bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan

worldly-dunyoviy

sisterly-opalarchga, singillarcha

brotherly-akalarcha,birodarlarcha

motherly-onalarcha,onalik

princely-shahzodalardek

saintly-ilohiy,muqaddas

For.ex: She has lovely eyes

Ba’zi ravishlar sifatlardek bir xil shaklga ega. Ular gapda kelishiga qarab farqlanadi:

Hard-qattiq,qiyin

fast-tez

free-erkin,ozod,tekin

high-baland

low-past

deep-chuqur

early-erta

late-kech

long-uzun,uzoq vaqt

near-yaqin,yaqinida

straight-to’gri(ga)

right-o’ng,to’g’ri, o’ngga

wrong-noto’g’ri

hourly-har soatda bo’ladigan,har soatda

daily-kundalik,kunda bo’ladigan,kunda

weekly-haftalik, har haftada

monthly-oylik,har oyda

yearly-yillik,har yili

III. Degrees of Adverbs

Ayrim ravishlarda sifatlardagi kabi oddiy,qiyosiy,orttirma darajalar mavjud. Ammo o’rin, payt, sabab-natija va so’roq ravishlarida daraja yo’q.

I.Bir bo’g’inli va sifat bilan bir xil shakldagi ravishlar
Positive		Comparative	Superlative
early		earlier	earliest
hard		harder	hardest
late		later	latest
soon		sooner	soonest
fast		faster	fastest
long		longer	longest

II.Sifatlarga “-ly” qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasalgan ravishlar
Positive		Comparative	Superlative
clearly		more clearly	most clearly
fluently		more fluently	most fluently
carefully		more carefully	most carefully
comfortably		more comfortably	most comfortably
correctly		more correctly	most correctly

III.Irregular adverbs(noto’g’ri ravishlar)
Positive		Comparative	Superlative
well		better	best
badly		worse	worst
much		more	most
little		less	least
far		farther/further	farthest/furthest

NOTE: Quyida ravishlarning darajasi 2 xil bo’lishi mumkin.

Positive		Comparative	Superlative
Often		oftener/more often	oftenest/most often
Quickly		quicker/more quickly	quickest/most quickly
Slowly		slower/more slowly	slowest/most slowly

For.ex: He earns as much as his wife.(U uning xotinidek ko’p pul ishlab topadi.)

Tom came earlier than you.(Tom senga qaraganda ertaroq keldi)

Robert runs faster than Bernard(Robert Bernardga qaraganda tezroq yuguradi)

John came late. Ali came later. George came latest of all.(John kech keldi, Ali kechroq keldi, Gorj hammasidan eng kech keldi)

IV. Position of Adverbs

Ingliz tilida ravish asosan uchta turkumni belgisini ifodalab keladi:

a) Verb(action verb)

For.ex: We did our homework carefully ( How did we do our homework?)

b) Adjective

For.ex: Food is extremely good.(Ovqat juda yaxshi)

He is seriously ill.(U jiddiy kasal)

reasonably cheap	juda arzon
terribly sorry	juda afsus
incredibly quick	juda tez
surprisingly easy	juda oson
extremely good	juda yaxshi
absolutely enormous	g’oyatda katta
seriously ill	jiddiy kasal
completely changed	mutlaqo o’zgargan
badly organized	yamon tashkillashtirilgan
brilliantly clever	juda aqlli
bitterly cold/disappointed	juda sovuq/ko’ngli kolgan
deeply grateful	juda minnatdor

c) Adverb

For.ex: Maria learns languages incredibly quickly.

V. Order of Adverbs(Ravishning gapdagi o’rni)

1.Ravishlar odatda fe’llardan keyin, ammo sifatlar,boshqa ravishlar va sifatdosh II dan oldin joylashadi.

For.ex: He speaks softly (U ohista gapiradi).

She is amazingly beautiful.(U juda chiroyli).

He drove very fast.(U juda tez mashina haydaydi)

Computers are extensively used nowadays.(Kompyuterlardan hozirgi kunda juda keng foydalanilayapti).

2.Holat ravishlari asosiy fe’ldan oldin, yordamchi fe’lda keyin yoki gapning oxirida keladi.