Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

at the present time- hozir

at the moment- hozir

right now- hozir

for now- hozir

for the time being- hozir

nowadays-hozirgi kunda

currently- hozir kunda

tonight-bugun kechqurun

still-haligacha

Look!-Qara!

Be careful!-Ehtiyot bo’l!

Be quiet!-Jim bo’l!

Hurry up!-Shoshil!

State verbs(holat fe’llari)

Holat fe’llari asosan ikki xil bo’ladi:

I. Birinchi turiga hech qachon Present Cont. ishlatilmaydigan fe’llar kiradi va ular faqat present Simple ishlatamiz.

1.know-bilmoq, tanimoq

2.want-xohlamoq

3.wish-istamoq, xohlamoq, tilak bildirmoq

4.understand-tushunmoq

5.believe-ishonmoq

6.hate-yomon ko’rmoq, nafratlanmoq

7.dislike-yomon ko’rmoq, yoqtirmaslik

8.detest- yomon ko’rmoq

9.need-kerak bo’lmoq, muhtoj bo’lmoq

10.sound-bo’lmoq, tuyulmoq

11.seem-tuyulmoq

12.hear-eshitmoq

13.forget-unutmoq

14.remember-eslamoq, esda tutmoq

15.belong to-..ga tegishli bo’lmoq

16.agree-qo’shilmoq, rozi bo’lmoq

17.disagree-qo’shilmaslik

18contain-o’z ichiga olmoq

19.consist of-dan iborat bo’lmoq, o’z ichiga olmoq

20include-o’z ichiga olmoq

21.fit- to’g’ri kelmoq, loyiq bo’lmoq

22.realise-anglab yetmoq

23.mean-ma’no anglatmoq

24.prefer-afzal ko’rmoq

25.recognize-tanimoq

26.notice-payqamoq

For.ex:I know this girl(NOT: I am knowing this girl.) Men bu qizni taniyman.

I belive her now (NOT: I’m believing her now) Men hozir unga ishonaman.

II. Ikkinchi turga bir ma’nosida Present Cont. ishlatilmaydigan, ikkinchi ma’nosida esa Present Cont ishlatiladigan fe’llar kiradi.

Holat ma’nosini ifodalaganda ular Present Cont ishlatilmaydi, faqat Present Simple da ishlatiladi.(State)	Ish harakat ma’nosini ifodalaganda Present Cont ishlatilishi mumkin va shuningdek Present Simple da ham. (Action)
1. She has two cats.(bor bo’lmoq)	She is having breakfast now.(bor bo’lmoq emas, balki birikma bo’lib kelsa) She has breakfast every morning.
2. This book appears to be interesting(tuyulmoq)	The singer is appearing on stage at present(chiqish qilmoq, ijro etmoq)
3. The silk shirt feels soft(tuyulmoq)	Ann is feeling the cat’s fur.(paypaslamoq, silamoq)
4. Susan looks tired( ko’rinmoq)	Susan is looking at some photos(ko’rinmoq ma’nosidan tashqari barcha ma’nolarda) Susan is looking for a new flat.(yuqorida “qaramoq” pastda “qidirmoq”)
5.I see an aeroplane in the sky.(ko’rmoq,tushunmoq)	I’m seeing Jill tonight.(uchrashmoq)
6.The soup tastes awful(ta’m bermoq)	She’s tasting the soup.(ta’tib ko’rmoq)
7. I think she’s Italian(fikricha)	I’m thinking about(of) my holiday.(haqida o’ylamoq)
8. Your perfume smells nice(hid taratmoq)	Rose is smelling her roses now.(hidlamoq)
9. The box weighs a kilo.(og’irlikka ega bo’lmoq)	He is weighing the potatoes.(tarozida tortmoq)
10. I love good films( sevmoq, juda yoqtirmoq)	I’m loving this film.(rohatlanmoq)

NOTE: “to be” fe’li bir holatdan tashqari hech qachon Present Cont. ishlatilmaydi. U Present Cont. ishlatilishi uchun quyidagilar muhim:

A. “Be” fe’lidan keyin xarakterni ifodalovchi sifat kelishi shart.(kind, lazy, rude, polite, impolite,foolish...)

B. Vaqtinchalik ish harakatni ifodalashi shart.

C. Present Cont. ravishlari iloji boricha bo’lishi shart.

For.ex: Peter is a kind man, but at the moment he is being selfish(Piter mehribon inson, ammo hozir u xudbin bo’lyapti)

John is usually rude, but today he is being polite to his colleagues.(Jon odatda qo’pol, ammo bugun u hamkasblariga xushmuomila bo’lyapti.)

Present Perfect Tense

Hozirgi tugallangan zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi:

1. Hozirgina, endigina, yaqinda tugallangan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi, bunda quyidagi ravishlar bo’lishi shart:

Just (hozirgina, endigina) –faqat yordamchi fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi.

Already(allaqachon)-yordamchi fe’ldan keyin yoki gapning oxirida keladi.

For.ex:She has just washed her hair.(U hozirgina sochini yuvib bo’ldi)

They have already cooked dinner.OR They have cooked dinner already.

2. O’tgan zamonda boshlanib, hozirgi zamonda davom qilayotgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. Va asosan be, have, like, know...kabi holat fe’llari bilan ishlatiladi, va shuningdek since/for(...dan beri,buyon) ravishlari bo’lishi shart.

since
2 o’clock

Monday

March

Winter

Christmas

Independence

morning

2^th century

for
2 hours

2 days

2 months

2 years

a long time

a short time

2 centuries

2 weeks