Present Simple Hozirgi oddiy zamon quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi

Active
Passive
Present	(to) lose	(to) be lost
Present continuous	(to) be losing	-
Perfect	(to) have lost	(to) have been lost
Perfect continuous	(to) have been losing	-

For.ex: I hope to meet her tonight.(Men uni bugun kechqurun uchrashishga umid qilyapman.)

He seems to be working hard these days.(U shu kunlarda qattiq ishlayotgan tuyuladi)

He claims to have won a lot of money.(U ko’p pul yutganini aytadi)

She claims to have been learning English for two years.(U ikki yildan beri ingliz tili

o’rganayotganini aytadi

He hopes to be offered a promotion.(U lavozim taklif qilinishiga umid qilyapti.)

She is believed to have been kidnapped.(Aytishlaricha uni o’g’irlab ketishgan.)

Infinitive quyidagi vaziyatlarda ishlatiladi:

1.Maqsadni ifodalaydi, va o’zbek tiliga “-(i)sh” yoki “-(i)sh uchun” deb tarjima qilinadi. For.ex: Sam went to the bank to get some money.(Sam biroz pul olish uchun bankka bordi.)

2.Ma’lum bir fe’llardan keyin Infinitive qo’llaniladi.

afford-qurbi yetmoq apply-yozma ravishda murojaat qilmoq,foydalanmoq

agree-qo’shilmoq,rozi bo’lmoq arrange-tartibga solmoq,joylashtirmoq,rejalashtirmoq

aim-maqsad qilmoq aspire-qattiq xohlamoq,istamoq

appear-paydo bo’lmoq,tuyulmoq attempt-harakat qilmoq

beg-yalinmoq,yalvorib so’ramoq

cease-to’xtamoq,tugatmoq

choose-tanlamoq

claim-aytmoq

come-kelmoq

dare-jurat qilmoq

decide-qaror qilmoq

demand-talab qilmoq

deserve-munosib,loyiq bo’lmoq

desire-xohlamoq,istamoq

expect-kutmoq,umid qilmoq,o’ylamoq

fail-muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchramoq

happen-sodir bo’lmoq

help-yordam bermoq

hesitate-ikkilanmoq

hope-umid qilmoq

learn-o’rganmoq,bilmoq

manage-uddalamoq,boshqarmoq

need-kerak,muhtoj bo’lmoq

neglect-mensimay qaramoq,beparvo bo’lmoq

offer-taklif qilmoq

opt-tanlamoq

plan-rejalashtirmoq

prepare-tayyorlamoq

pretend-mug’ambirlik qilmoq

promise-va’da bermoq

refuse-rad qilmoq

resolve-hal qilmoq

rush-yelmoq,chopmoq,shoshilmoq

seem-tuyulmoq

strive-intilmoq,tirishmoq,harakat qilmoq

tend-odatlanib qolmoq

undertake-bajarmoq,amalga oshirmoq

volunteer-ko’ngilli bo’moq

vote-ovoz bermoq

wait-kutmoq

work-ishlamoq

yearn-qattiq xohlamoq

For.ex: He refused to pay the bills.(U hisob-kitoblarni to’lashni rad qildi.)

3.Quyidagi fe’llar bilan ushbu strukturada: “Verb + object + to...” ham infinitive ishlatiladi.

tell-aytmoq

remind-eslatmoq

force-majburlamoq

teach-o’qitmoq

enable-imkoniyat bermoq,huquq bermoq

order-buyurmoq

warn-ogohlantirmoq

invite-taklif qilmoq

persuade-ko’ndirmoq, ishontirmoq

get(=persuade)-ko’ndirmoq,ishontirmoq

For. ex: Can you remind me to phone Sam tomorrow

4.Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin so’roq so’zlar (who,what,where,how...) kelib, ulardan keyin infinitive kelishi mumkin.

ask-so’ramoq

decide-qaror qilmoq

know-bilmoq

explain-tushuntirmoq

learn-o’rganmoq-

understand-tushunmoq

wonder-bilishni xohlamoq

For.ex:

We asked	how	to get	to the station.
Biz vakzalga qanday yetib olishni so’radik
Have you decided	where	to go	for your holidays?
Siz ta’tilingizda qayerga borishga qaror qildingizmi?
I don’t know	how	to use	this gadget.
Bu qrulmandan qanday foydalanishni bilmayman
Do you understand	what	to do?
Nima qilishni bilasanmi?

Note: Lekin “Why “dan keyin infinitive kelmaydi,gap keladi. I want to know why you have decided to leave.

5. Would like(xohlamoq),would love,(xohlamoq,yoqtirmoq),would prefer(afzal ko’rmoq) kabi birikmali fe’llardan keyin Infinitive ishlatiladi.

For.ex: I would like to see the manager.

6. Hissiyot va xarakterni ifodalovchi va shuningdek boshqa sifatlardan (happy, glad,sorry,nice ,willimg,eager,reluctant, anxious,clever, difficult, easy)keyin infinitive keladi.

For.ex: She was happy to win the prize.(U sovrin yutishdan baxtli edi).

He was reluctant to help.(U yordam berishni istar-istamas edi.)

Note: It + be + adjective + of + noun/pronoun+ to infinitive.

For.ex: It was kind of you to help me.(Menga yordam berishingiz siz tomoningizdan mehribonlik edi.)

7.Too(juda)/enough(yetarli,yetarlicha)dan keyin infinitive ishlatiladi. For.ex: She is too young to get married.

He is clever enough to do the crossword.

He’s got enough money to live on

the first the second

8. Be + the next + to infinitive... For.ex: He was the last to come to work

the last the best

9.Ma’lum bir otlar va olmoshlardan(something,somewhere,anyone,nothing) keyin:

For.ex: We have got a lot of homework to do.

Take something to drink on the bus.

10. quyidagi iboralar bilan ishlatiladi: For.ex: To tell the truth,

To begin with, to be honest.

Bare infinitive is used

1.Ko’pgina modal fe’llardan keyin:

For.ex:You must go home

But: have to va ought to dan keyin” to” li infinitive keladi.

For.ex: You ought to go home.

2.had better,would rather,would sooner(yaxshisi,maqul)dan keyin:

For.ex: you had better see a doctor.

I would rather go to the cinema.

3.watch notice

see+ bare infinitive For.ex:I saw him cross over OR I saw him crossing over

hear +gerund feel

4. Make va let fe’llaridan keyin: For.ex: Let him go.

I made him pay for the damage.

But:” passive voice”da es to bo’lishi shart. He was made to pay for the damage

5. help fe’lidan keyin to kelishi ham kelmasligi ham mumkin:

For.ex: she helped me (to) fill my application form.

Gerund

Gerund quyidagicha zamonlarga ega:

	Active	Passive
Present	repairing	being repaired
Present Continuous	-	-
Present Perfect	having repaired	having been repaired
Present Perfect Continuous	-	-

For.ex: He enjoys reading a book.(U kitob o’qishdan rohatlanadi)

He denied having killed James OR He denied killing James. (U

Jamesni o’ldirgani rad etdi.)

I don’t like being told what to do.(Men menga nima qilishni aytishlarini

yoqtirmayman)

Gerund quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi:

Gerund o’zbek tilidagi harakat nomiga to’gri keladi va ko’pincha otga yaqin turadi.Gerund o’zbek tiliga “-(i)sh” deb tarjima qilinadi: swimming-suzish kabi.

1.Gerund ot vazifasida keladi.

For.ex: Walking is good exercise.(Piyoda yurish yaxshi badan –tarbiyadir)

2.Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin:

admit-tan olmoq

adore-juda yoqtirmoq

advocate-qo’llab quvvatlamoq

appreciate-qadrlamoq,minnatdor bo’lmoq

avoid-oldini olmoq,saqlanmoq

can’t help-o’zini tiyib turolmaslik

carry on-davom etmoq

compare-taqqoslamoq,solishtirmoq

consider-deb hisoblamoq,o’ylab ko’rmoq

contemplate-kuzatmoq,hayoliga keltirmoq

delay-kechiktirmoq,keyinga surmoq

deny-rad qilmoq

detest-juda yomon ko’rmoq

discuss-muhokama qilmoq

dislike-yoqtirmaslik

end up-tugatmoq

endure-chidamoq,sabr qilmoq

enjoy-rohatlanmoq

escape-qochmoq

face-duch kelmoq,yuz tutmoq

fancy-xohlamoq,yoqtirmoq

feel like- xohlamoq,yoqtirmoq

foresee-oldindan ko’rmoq,bilmoq

finish-tugamoq,tugatmoq

give up-voz kechmoq,to’xtatmoq

include-o’z ichiga olmoq

imagine-tasavvur qilmoq

involve-taqozo etmoq,o’z ichiga olmoq

justify- tasdiqlamoq, oqlamoq

keep (on)-davom ettirmoq

mention-eslatib o’tmoq, aytib o’tmoq

mind-qarshi fikr bildirmoq,qarshi bo’lmoq

miss-sog’inmoq,o’tkazib yubormoq

postphone-kechiktirmoq, keyinga qoldirmoq

practise-mashq qilmoq,amaliyot o’tamoq

put off-kechiktirmoq

risk-tavakkal qilmoq

suggest-taklif qilmoq

recommend-tavsiya qilmoq

resent-

risk-tavakkal qilmoq

take up-

tolerate

For.ex:Have you ever considered going to live in another country?

(Sen hech boshqa davlatda yashashga borishni o’ylab ko’rganmisan)