Praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad



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Imam Abu Hanifa

The doctrine of the Mu‘tazilites
 
According to Abu’l-Hasan al-Khayyat in 
al-Intisar
, “No one can properly be called a Mu‘tazilite unless he 
holds to all five tenets of their school: 
Tawhid
, Justice, the Promise and the Threat, the Position between the 
Two Positions, and Commanding the Right and Forbidding the Wrong. Only when a man maintains these 
five, is he, properly speaking, a Mu‘tazilite. These are the tenets of the Mu‘tazilite school.” We will speak 
briefly about each of them. 
Tawhid
 
A particular understanding of 
tawhid
was at the core of their doctrine. Al-Ash‘ari described their position 
in his book, 
Maqalat al-Islamiyyin
:
Allah is one. There is nothing like Him. He is the All-Hearing, All-Seeing. He is neither body nor 
spirit. He does not have corporeal form or shape, or flesh or blood. He is not substance or accident. 
He does not have a colour or taste, smell or tactility, heat, cold, wetness, dryness, height width, or 
depth. He does not have joining or separation, movement or stillness. He has no parts or components, 
or limbs or members. He has no directions: no right or left, front or back, above or below. He is not 
circumscribed by place nor is He subject to time.É He cannot be incarnate in any place. He is not 
described with any of the attributes of creation which involve contingency nor is He described as 
being finite or as being limited. He does not beget and is not begotten. No quantity can encompass 
Him; no veil conceal Him; no sense perceive Him. He cannot be compared to mankind nor does He 
resemble creation in any wayÉ He was First before events in time and before contingent things, and 
existed before all creatures. He is Knowing, Powerful, Living and will always remain so. Eyes cannot 
see Him; sight cannot perceive Him; imagination cannot encompass Him. He is Knowing, Powerful, 
Living, in a way dissimilar to all others who are knowing, powerful, living. He alone is timeless and 
there is nothing timeless but Him, no god but Him and He has no partner in His kingdom. 
On this basis, the Mu‘tazilites asserted that it was impossible to see Allah on the Day of Resurrection since 
that would involve corporeality and direction. The Divine Attributes were nothing other than the Essence. The 
Qur’an was created by Allah since He does not (in their view) have the attribute of speech. 

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