PowerPoint Presentation 323 Morphology

3.2 The form of Morphological Rules

The third person singular is a set with one member: /z/. Recall that each lexeme and grammeme has three properties — function, form, and sign.
E.g.: {HIT, V stem, /hit/}; {3 P. Sg. (3PS), suffix, /z/}.
The form hits is a set that contains two subsets (members):
E.g.: {HIT, 3PS} <--> {/hit/+/z/}.
This tells us that {HIT,V, 3PS} can be spelled out as {/hit/}+{/z/} = {/hitz/}. Note the phoneme symbol ‘/’ is a set marker for phonemic sets; using both ‘{/’ is totally redundant. I I did so here to emphasize this point. Using one or the other is fine; just that ‘/’ give us more information.
First, I’ll do writing as two morphemes:

3.2 The form of Morphological Rules

The feature [+Suffix, Noun house] accounts for the adjunction of the suffix to the noun stem: writing (writ-ing). This operation takes place in the syntax in the version of 322 that I taught until 2003. [+Prog] is short for progressive (aspect)
In the word-form based model we obtain:

‘write’	function
V	form
/rajt/	sign

‘progressive of write’	function
V	form
/rajtɪŋ/	sign

<---->
The symbol ‘<---->’ means that there is a relation between the word-form on the left and the word-form on the right. The relationship should be in the function, not the form or the sign directly. Although the notion of derivation is not used in a synchronic word-based analysis, the relation does correspond to derivation. ‘Write’ is the key function in the relationship.
There is an alternate way to express such relations. If a set of verb, nouns, or adjectives is to be used in the relation, the ‘x’ notation is used. Think of ‘x’ as a set that contains nouns such as ‘house, finger, desk, car, cougar and so forth’:
E.g. ‘x’ = {‘house, finger, desk, car, cougar and so forth’}.
The ‘x’ is used in the function and can be replaced any member of the set ‘x’. /X/ stands for a phonemic string. For example, if ‘house’ is selected as ‘x’, its sign is /hæws/. ‘x’ will appear in the other box (technically a set) along with some other phonemes. ‘x’ is spelled here as ‘hæws/ here as well. ‘x’ cannot be spelled out as two stringss with unrelated phonemes in a relation like the above. A system for suppletion will have to be worked out.