Physics-mathematics faculty topics for exams

Uzbekistan
The proclamation of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan on September 1, 1991, is a landmark in the history of the republic. On August 31, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted the resolution "About Proclamation of State Independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan".
On March 2, 1992, the United Nations adopted a resolution to admit the Republic of Uzbekistan into its membership. Uzbekistan became a full member of the United Nations and was recognized by over 131 states of the world.
The Republic of Uzbekistan has favourable natural and geographical conditions. It is situated in the central part of Central Asia between the Amu Daryo and the Syr Daryo rivers. The territory of the republic stretches for 1425 kilometers from west to east and for 930 kilometers from north to south. Uzbekistan borders on Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.
Uzbekistan is the republic of sunshine. The climate of Uzbekistan is very hot in summer and not very cold in winter. High summer temperature makes it possible to cultivate heat-loving crops such as cotton, grapes, figs, melons, water-melons and others.
Uzbekistan is a multinational republic. The population of Uzbekistan is more than 27 million people.
Uzbekistan has more than 1000 joint ventures with Germans, Koreans, Japanese and many more Turkish, Italian and French companies.


From the history of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is the ancient cradle of civilization. At the beginning of the first century A. D. there already existed in Central Asia different written languages and rich literature on astronomy, history and philosophy.
The well-known astronomer Kassir Farghani (known in Europe as Alfraganus) lived on the territory of Uzbekistan, in Ferghana, in the ninth century. Kassir Farghani’s work of "Principles of Astronomy" was translated in Europe into Latin in the fifteenth century.
Mukhammad ben Musa al-Kharazmi (Algorithmi in Latin) born in the north of Uzbekistan, was another scientist of his time. He was one of the founders of algebra He wrote "Kitab al-Jabr val Mukabala" in which algebra was treated as a branch of mathematics for the first time.
Abu Raikhan Mukhamad al Biruni was born in the north of Uzbekistan in the tenth century. He was a great scientist as he knew geography, geology, mathematics, astronomy, history and linguistics.
Abu Ali ibn Sino (known in Europe as Avicenna) was another great scientist in Central Asia. His "Canon of Medicine" reached Europe in the twelfth century.
Ulughbek (Mukhamad Taraghay) was a leading astronomer in Central Asia. Ulughbek’s astronomic observatory, which has been built in Samarkand, was the best one in The world at that time.
Alisher Navoi was a great poet, thinker and the founder of Uzbek literature. His works have entered the treasury of world literature and have been translated into many languages.
Zakhirddin Mukhamad Babur was born in the city of Andijon. His poems and prose works are very popular with The Uzbek people to this day. His work "Babur Name" has been translated into many languages.
We see that science and the arts of the Central Asian people developed in the ninth- sixteenth centuries.