Philological science

Key words: Erkin Vohidov, poem, composition, structure , folklorism,elements of the topic, folktales, aesthetic ideal, the idea of ​​freedom


INTRODUCTION

In comparison with other jenres the problem of composition and scene in poem is much more complex. If the folktale method leads in the poem, it requires the subject which is specific in epic genre. But, there is the second point of the issue that by its nature the poem is lyric novel. “In spite of the form the poem is written, without any doubt, in the first place it belongs to the lyric type. Poem can be created by the poet, the owner of the poetic soul. ”[1].  In these cases to realize the topic, the plot of the poem, to feel in by heart requires great experience. Because, the poem, as V.G.Belinskiy mentioned, requires depicting the peak of the reality, the superior states and strained emotional experience of the people.
The story of the Bengali poet Nazrul Islam ("Ruҳlar Iseni") was for the poet also a means of reflecting his spiritual world, his experiences, a means of reflecting the surrounding reality. As a result, the poem “Ruҳlar Iseni” was created in the form and sound we know. Since E. Vakhidov felt the need to convey to the reader the truth he was aware of that reality does not correspond to the high ideals that the existing system and the ruling party had introduced into the minds of people.
The tragedy of Nazrul Islam gave the poet the opportunity to interpret the state of the society in which he himself lived. In the image of Nazrul, the high aspirations of a creative personality were expressed.
Despite the fact that the event depicted in the poem is the experience of Nazrul Islam, the perceived reality is completely different. Nazrul Islam served as an object of artistic reflection for the poet.
May my body be a prison cell
in my soul - freedom.
I am not a slave from birth.
Slavery is alien to my soul.
The will to freedom with
milk was absorbed into my blood.
In the poem, in some places, a realistic interpretation is expressed in close connection with artistic conventions. For example, in the poem "Ruular Iseni", parallel to the depiction of reality, rivayats (narratives) and legends are given that contribute to the expression of the poet's artistic intention, and the author translates
pictures into them that cannot be contained in reality. Striving for diversity in the composition of the poem intensified in 70-80- years of the last century. But not every author could equally achieve the success in this field. In order to create such kinds of novels which are complex in composition, great talent is required in the first place and it plays great role in creating novels with complex composition. An epic poem “Rebel of the spirits” is artistically and structurally specific novel created with high talent. The poem recalls us East lyric poems by the compositional side. The folktales used in it serve to open some special peculiarities in the characters of the poem heroes. This method is a tendency which has existed in the East long since, authors expressed their literary- philosophical outlooks by with proverbs, folktales which are the expressions of the people’s wisdom. As, according to a Russian writer S.V.Sulghinskiy “The people’s legends are the source of philosophies.” [2]. Folklorism, we mean using genres, motives, images specific to folklore genre serves to provide the fluent style, national spirit, nationality of the novel. As for Russian literary critic M.Chislov, “first of all, folklore personages included in a life material that form the base of the poem don’t lose their specific peculiarities. Secondly, it gives chance to depict the reality widely through them by place and time view point.” [3]. Because folklore reflects in itself the peculiarities belonging to gradual stages of the humanity’s artistic thought. Critic U.Normatov valued development of the myth, folklore traditions mixed, actually submitted with main principles of the realistic literature as a new tendency. He mentioned it as striving for a new horizon relying on the experience. [4] In the lyric poem “Rebel of the spirits” Erkin Vokhidov not only used the people’s folktales as the whole genre, but also he showed the sample of being real novator by the skills of including the subject, motives of the folktale in the compositive structure of his novel, absorbing the subject of folklore novels in general spirit of the poem. In the lyric poem elements of the topic like exposition, bundle, the progress of the story, culmination point, solution, prolog, and epilog don’t have exact place and system. In the lyric poem we can see the parallel development of the topic in three ways: Nazrul Islom’s past life; philosophical thoughts of the poet(lyric hero); putting the problematic issues into discussion through folktales.
All of the three topic ways, at the same time, completes each other on the ideological-composition intention. In the lyric poem the topic way of Nazrul Islom’s past life is comparatively expressed consecutive, successive and independent character. The solutions of the events in the lyric poem are given in the folktales. Readers can find solution of the events in details. In connecting the subject chains of the topic, plot with each other in the poet, the lyric character of the poem and emotional experience of the poet play the role of bridge. When the author talks about the bellicose spirit of the poet Nazrul Isloms and its moving to the people’s spirit, he brings the great folktale for example. At the end of the folktale he says “there is no sin besides living without belief (conviction) on earth”. There is the poet in one sight illuminating the historical event, in the second sight with the help of methaphorical thought by the means of folktales he values the reality, he passes his resolution.
Generally speaking, the artistic base of the composition of the lyric poem “Rebel of the spirits” consists of the structural- stylic components of folktales. In the stories, folktales where long past events are narrated, the artistic conventionalism and symbolism are stronger than historical
concreteness (the folktale about Shokh Jahan and Avrangzeb is exception). Every folktale is given not only just as an artistic illustration, but also it is changed to poetic means which forms the composition of the novel. The artistic aim of the poet is visible in the folktales, there ideological-aesthetic outlooks of the poet and poet’s position are incarnated. Every image, every idea, every thought, every poetic detail in the folktales serves to increase psychological dramatizm and to reveal and open the characters of the contemporary people, we mean characters of the people of our time. Global problems of the period are expressed on the background of the symbols. The lyric poem composition’s taking such kind of shape was something totally new in the field of Uzbek poetry. This lyric poem became a favorite novel of Uzbek readers. Even there are some poetry-lover fans that learnt the whole poem by heart. These all are justifications about Erkin Vohidov’s being skillful.