Philological science

HISTORICAL SCIENCE


ATTITUDE TO WOMEN IN UZBEKISTAN IN PUBLIC POLICY AND STRATEGY


Nilufar DJURAEVA


An Associate professor, Uzbekistan State World Languages University


Abstract
The article notes that over the years of independence in Uzbekistan, increasing the role and status of women in society, their comprehensive support, protecting their rights and interests, improving working and living conditions has become one of the priorities and goals of state policy. The normative legal documents adopted in this area and their significance have been scientifically analyzed. The article also analyzes the positive impact of issues such as women's participation in public life, their equality in society with men.
It is also emphasized that in the system of socio-economic reforms carried out in Uzbekistan in recent years, the legal framework on gender issues has been additionally strengthened, the social activity of women and girls has been increased, their living conditions have been improved, favorable conditions have been created for the free realization of their abilities, support.
Key words: years of independence, women, society, status, law, interests, work, living conditions, state, politics, attitude, state policy, strategy, regulatory documents, the positiv, impact of issues, participation, public.

Attention to women should always be at the center of all our
efforts, making it our mission.
Sh.Mirziyoev
Introduction.The problem of women is a complex of social issues concerning such issues as the status of women in the family and society, protection of their legitimate interests, employment, protection of motherhood and childhood. Over the years of independence, raising the status of women in society, protecting their rights and interests, improving working and living conditions has become one of the priorities and goals of state policy, and the issue of treating women has risen to the level of state policy and strategy. At the new stage of development of Uzbekistan, the activity of women in solving qualitative changes and fundamental problems in the socio-economic and cultural spheres of society is growing every year. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote the following views of President Sh. Mirziyoyev: “In the current era of globalization, the protection of the rights and freedoms and legitimate interests of women is becoming even more important. In particular, an increase in the socio-economic, political and legal activity of women is becoming a requirement of the times"[4].
The Action Strategy for five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 also states: increasing the socio-political activity of women, strengthening their role in the state and society, ensuring the employment of women, graduates of professional colleges, involving them in entrepreneurial activities, further strengthening the foundations families [1]. As President Sh. Mirziyoyev noted: “Today, as a result of our large-scale democratic reforms, the participation of our women in political and social processes is growing. ... Of the 150 deputies elected to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, 48 or 32% were women. In the Senate and local councils, this figure exceeds 25 percent. It should be noted that for the first time in the history of Uzbekistan, the number of women in the national parliament has reached the level established by the UN. The country's parliament has risen to 37th place among 190 national parliaments in the world in terms of the number of women deputies. However, please pay attention to this - 5 years ago we were in 128th place in this indicator. ... About 28 thousand sisters receive practical assistance in entrepreneurship, crafts, retraining and employment. Also, within the framework of five important initiatives, 21,500 of our girls were trained in short-term professional courses [5]. These indicators show that as a result of public care policy, opportunities for increasing women's participation have increased, women's rights are protected, and their activity is growing on the basis of ongoing reforms. Because a society can have an ideal direction in its development only if women are actively involved in science, technology, production and management in all spheres of social life. Therefore, in the era of globalization and the clash of civilizations, the problems of further development of the place and role of women in modern society, where development is impossible without the participation of women, are being raised.
The following aspects, namely:
First of all, it is important to study the role of women educators in the spiritual work of the Uzbek people during the years of independence, to restore national spirituality, develop it on the basis of modern requirements, and resolve urgent issues in the sphere of the national economy. the area of spirituality.
Secondly, in the difficult era of globalization and the era of dangerous information, special attention is paid to topical problems in the field of spirituality, the preservation and promotion of the spirituality of our people, especially the protection of the hearts and minds of the younger generation. from various harmful ideas and ideologies, an analysis of the activities of women in the field of spirituality and enlightenment shows that they have not only theoretical but also practical significance.
Thirdly, the responsibility of Uzbek women "to preserve the national oriental spirituality and continue it at a higher level, on a modern basis" emphasizes the urgency of the problem.
2. Methods:
The article presents the data studied on the basis of generally accepted methods of analysis. It is also scientifically analyzed that during the years of independence, the protection of the rights and interests of women has risen to the level of public policy and strategy. The content and essence of the legal and regulatory documents adopted in this direction are described.
3. Research results:
The analysis of research shows that now specialists studying human development believe that the historical path and development traversed by humanity cannot be fully understood without studying the role of women in all spheres of human society. In particular, pay attention to the opinion of the researcher Gisella Bock: “In the past, the experience, activities and spheres of life of women were also ignored, because they did not represent historical value. However, the history of women "should be considered as general as the history of men ... because it belongs not only to half of humanity, but to everyone." In this regard, Joan Kelly said: “We are not talking about the return of women to history, but above all about the return of history to women. Although such attention is paid not only to women in history, but also to the history of women, it is also a special kind of history, that is, the history of women around the world as women ”[5].
It is well known that socialization is a controlled and purposeful process of self-transformation and development throughout a person's life. Socialization of women, on the other hand, is directly related to the social environment surrounding them and includes the wide participation of women in the family, state and society, the media, education and science, labor, sports and culture, art and literature.
Activation is a distinctive feature, a dynamic activity, which means the ability to independently organize your time. The activity is characterized by purposefulness, motivation, initiative. Activity is also the ability to satisfy the needs of your soul, to be fully interested in life. On the other hand, activating women allows a woman to showcase her desires and talents. Active women are often successful and show themselves in different areas of life.
Since the goal of our progress is to achieve the Third Renaissance, our main task should be to make our women more educated, more enlightened in this direction. It should be noted that an enlightened woman is the path of development of society, because it is she who brings up children and forms their consciousness, worldview, and level of knowledge. However, the more educated and talented a girl becomes, the more she will pass this on to her children and the more responsibly she will approach the upbringing of a harmoniously developed generation. Because a woman, by nature and by her creation, is entrusted with a great task - to continue the succession of generations and bring up children who will defend the dignity of the nation.
According to Mariana Kemp, an American scientist who has studied the life and development of Uzbek women from ancient times to the present day, “in order to improve the lives of women, it is necessary to provide them with an excellent education and an environment for them to live. free activity. So that they can start their own small business, own their own income, and speak for their children and family. It is these factors that enhance the role of women in society.
In the process of rapid reforms at the new stage of development of Uzbekistan, it is necessary to radically change the mechanism of work aimed at protecting the interests of women and providing them with legal support in strengthening the family. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 18, 2020 "On measures to improve the social and spiritual environment in society, further support the institution of community and bring the system of work with family and women to a new level" to support the social activity of women, their participation in society, it is important to strengthen the position, strengthen guarantees for the protection of rights and legitimate interests, fundamentally reform organizational and legal mechanisms to ensure a healthy and stable social and spiritual environment and peace, harmony and tranquility in society and the family, and bring the system of work with family and women to a new level [2]. Taking into account the role of the institution of makhalla in the social and spiritual life of society, the establishment of the Deputy Chairman of the Civil Assembly for Family, Women and Social and Spiritual Issues, a specialist on family and women issues and the Commission for Strengthening Family Values serves to ensure family stability [3].
According to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev, it is necessary to strengthen the atmosphere of peace and kindness in society, to further increase the prestige of women in public and political life, who play an invaluable role in fostering a healthy lifestyle. and a harmoniously developed young generation. Creating jobs, improving their health, realizing their talents and abilities will continue to be an important task. Therefore, special attention is paid to increasing attention to women and increasing their employment. An important basis for this is the five initiatives put forward by the head of state Sh. Mirziyoyev. It is known that the fifth initiative is focused on the employment of women. In this regard, a lot of work is being done in our country. Indeed, the effectiveness of consistent reforms on women's participation in all spheres of public life is largely due to the active participation of women.
On March 5, 2021, in order to bring the work on the systematic study, analysis and solution of women's problems, needs and interests to a qualitatively new level "Measures to further improve the system of support for women, ensure their active participation in society, the Presidential Decree" О Based on this decision, The Republican Public Council of Women and its main tasks have been defined. In particular:
To increase the social and political activity of women, to promote the content and importance of reforms to support them among the population;
Provide women with education and skills, help them find decent work, support entrepreneurship, identify talented young women and channel their abilities;
Improving the quality of medical and social services provided to women in the regions, especially in rural areas, the effectiveness of work to ensure a healthy lifestyle among them;
taking systemic measures to provide housing for women in need, improve living and working conditions, and increase income;
In-depth analysis of issues related to the rights and legitimate interests of women, development of proposals for improving legislation and practice to solve existing problems based on best practices;
Take measures to strengthen women's families, preserve national and universal values and enhance their role in raising children;
Coordination of the activities of regional women's public councils, “Women's advisory councils” at makhallas, ensuring their effective interaction with state and public organizations, providing them with methodological and practical assistance;
Purposeful work with the "Women's tetrads", implementation of public control over the timely solution of women's issues by relevant organizations, sectors.
The fulfillment of these tasks will increase the efficiency of the work of the Republican Council, including in the regions, especially in rural areas, to ensure the quality of medical and social services provided to women, including a healthy lifestyle.
According to the decree, the State Trust Fund for Supporting Women and the Family was reorganized into the State Trust Fund for Supporting Women (Fund).According to reasonable estimates of the Republican Council, up to 300 billion soums are allocated to the Fund annually from the state budget.
Also, on the recommendation of the first deputy head of the district (city) mahalla and the family support department, women who have successfully implemented relevant programs can start a business with a grace period of up to 3 years and a grace period of up to 150 times more BHM at the rate of the Central Bank (from 36 million to 750 thousand soums).
To the budget of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, local budgets of regions and the city of Tashkent for the payment of the initial payment on mortgage loans and the purchase of social housing for women listed in the "Women's Book", "Youth Book" and "Iron Book" in 2021:
Housing for women living in non-residential premises - from 10 billion soums;
5 billion soums will be allocated to provide housing for women-orphans who have lost their fathers and dependent single mothers.
Conclusion. In conclusion, it should be noted that the above measures taken in the interests of women and the well-being of the family are an expression of the state policy of care aimed at ensuring the rights and interests of women. As President Mirziyoyev said: "Attention to women should always be at the center of all our efforts, and this should be our duty." In general, according to the Presidential Decree, the protection of women in difficult social situations has become a priority of the women's system. The problem of women's employment has reached a new level. Employment and social protection measures for women contribute to the strengthening and well-being of families.