Philip levine and ron scollon, editors


Part IV: Language and Identity



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Part IV: Language and Identity
Content made available by Georgetown University Press, DigitalGeorgetown, 
and the Department of Linguistics.


become old enough to get married and have assented to arranged marriage do indeed
speak Igbo with native or near-native proficiency.
3
Finally, also included in the “re-
turn from diaspora” category is the tendency to engage in extended periodic phone
conversations. These long talks among relatives who are “back home” reportedly are
always in a village dialect, and children absorb the gravity and importance of these
all-day special conversations, even if the acquisition of a home dialect is not feasible
through phone conversations.
Conclusion: On Multilingualism, New Ethnics, and
Language Planning
What do tables 16.1 and 16.2 and my use of key sites tell us about language ideolo-
gies and language transmission, multilingualism, and language planning in general?
EVIDENCE FROM THE IGBO BRAIN DRAIN
219
Table 16.2
Key sites for bringing together Igbo communities among ONI immigrants, arranged by use of language varieties
Key Sites (% of time)
(1) Official
Immigrant
(2) Social
(4) Print
Association
Ritual
(3) Ethnic
Media and
Language variety
Gatherings
Gatherings
Establishments
Culture
Standard or Nigerian
English
70
20
10
95
Central Igbo
20
40
50
c
2.5
a
Village Igbo
5
a
20
b
Rarely
Never
Other African
languages
Never
5
30
c
Never
“Broken English”
5
a
15
30
c
2.5
a
Code-mixing
d
Frequent/
Frequent/
Frequent/
Frequent use of
normative
normative/
normative
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