Pauline Hopkin’s literary activity to Harlem Renaissance

Content
Introduction……………………………………………………………… 3

The Main Part

1. 
   In XX century American literature……………………………… 5
   

2. 
   Pauline Hopkin as a representative at American literature……………… 10
   

3. 
   Pauline Hopkin’s literary activity to Harlem Renaissance…………..........15
   

4. 
   Analysis of role and contribution of Pauline Hopkin’s literary activity to Harlem Renaissance………………………………………………………………………….20
   

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 25

The list of used literature…………………………………………………. 30

Theme: Analysis of role and contribution of Pauline Hopkin’s literary activity to Harlem Renaissance

Plan:

1. 
   In XX century American literature
   

2. 
   Pauline Hopkin as a representative at American literature
   

3. 
   Pauline Hopkin’s literary activity to Harlem Renaissance
   

4. 
   Analysis of role and contribution of Pauline Hopkin’s literary activity to Harlem Renaissance
   

Introduction

These days almost all countries are paying great attention to the study of own literature, as well as the literature of other countries. And of course our country is not exeption. Our first president Islam Karimov on 13 May, 2016, signed a Decree "On establishment of the Tashkent State University of Uzbek language and literature named after Alisher Navoi”. According to the document, the native language and literature are the embodiment of national consciousness, the basis of cultural and spiritual development of any nation.
The Uzbek language has an ancient and rich history, and its formation, as evidenced by scientific facts, was influenced by Bactrians, Sogdians, Khorezmians, and other ethnic groups and nations, who once lived on the territory of the region BC and the early centuries of our era.
Our great ancestors – prominent figures of science and literature of different times and eras, such as Yusuf Hos Hozhib, Ahmad Yugnaki, Atoi, Lutfi, Babur, Agakhi, Mashrab, Mukimi, Furkat and other well-known educators, having vividly reflected the richness of vocabulary, artistic ability, beauty and elegance of our language in their creative works, made an invaluable contribution in this direction.
Immortal works of the great poet and thinker Alisher Navoi, which are today included in the Treasury of world culture were created in our native language, extending its glory throughout the world.
As emphasized in the Decree of the head of our state, we, as the inheritors of this priceless wealth, should preserve the native language, to constantly work on its enrichment, to further enhance the role and importance, bearing it as our top priority, and this issue will always be at the center of our attention.
Today, our current president also trying to develop literature amongst nation. In our country , along with all spheres and industries , great attention is paid to the development of culture , art and literature , and the mass media. In recent years, much work has been especially implemented on development of this sphere at a new stage. A number of major projects are being implemented in order to revive and study the rich cultural heritage of our people. In this regard , transformation of literature and art , culture , mass media , spiritually and enlightenment into a business will not be allowed in Uzbekistan, noted Shavkat Mirziyoyev. It was regretfully emphasized that there is no critical spirit in our cultural life, artistic councils are not acting properly , principled and qualified evaluation of new works , films and plays, exibitions and concert programs , publication of objective and fair reviews in print are becoming increasingly rare phenomenon. Thus, we have to learn both world and our own literature .

We will create all conditions for the study of ancestral heritage, the creation of great literature, - said Shavkat Mirziyoyev. In the art of speech, especially in Uzbek literature, spiritual beauty is interpreted as an important quality that determines human perfection. Through literature, young people understand the need to know the history of the homeland, and achieve their goals through the study of the didactic system, pedagogical and psychological possibilities of using the historical values of great figures. Therefore, the reference to history in fiction is always relevant, and in the period of independence in literature there is a great opportunity to acquaint the younger generation with their past, to cultivate a sense of pride in it.
As for the theme of the course work, it is about the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. Lasting roughly from the 1910s through the mid-1930s, the period is considered a golden age in African American culture, manifesting in literature, music, stage performance and art. Harlem Renaissance, a blossoming (c. 1918–37) of African American culture, particularly in the creative arts, and the most influential movement in African American literary history. Harlem Renaissance literature encompasses the poetry, fiction, and non-fiction written by Black American writers during the early twentieth century. During the Harlem Renaissance movement, Black writers created work that celebrated Black culture and folklore. Embracing literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts, participants sought to reconceptualize “the Negro” apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced Black peoples’ relationship to their heritage and to each other. And also Harlem Renaissance is unusual among literary and artistic movements for its close relationship to civil rights and reform organizations. We can say renaissance had many sources in Black culture, primarily of the United States and the Caribbean, and manifested itself well beyond Harlem. As its symbolic capital, Harlem was a catalyst for artistic experimentation and a highly popular nightlife destination. Its location in the communications capital of North America helped give the “New Negroes” visibility and opportunities for publication not evident elsewhere. While the renaissance built on earlier traditions of African American culture, it was profoundly affected by trends—such as primitivism—in European and white American artistic circles. 
And I would also like to give a brief overview of Pauline Hopkins. Pauline Hopkins, in full Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins was born in Portland, Maine, in 1859. African-American novelist, playwright, journalist, and editor. Pouline Hopkins  is best known for four novels and numerous short stories which she published between 1900 and 1903. Her best-known work, the novel Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of Negro Life North and South, was published in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1900 by the Colored Co-operative Publishing Company. 
The Main Part
1. Literature of the 20th century refers to world literature produced during the 20th century (1901 to 2000).
In terms of the Euro-American tradition, the main periods are captured in the bipartite division, Modernist literature and Postmodern literature, flowering from roughly 1900 to 1940 and 1960 to 1990 respectively, divided, as a rule of thumb, by World War II. The somewhat malleable term "contemporary literature" is usually applied with a post-1960 cut off point.
Although these terms (modern, contemporary and postmodern) are most applicable to Western literary history, the rise of the globalization has allowed European literary ideas to spread into non-Western cultures fairly rapidly, so that Asian and African literatures can be included into these divisions with only minor qualifications. And in some ways, such as in Postcolonial literature, writers from non-Western cultures were on the forefront of literary development.
Technological advances during the 20th century allowed cheaper production of books, resulting in a significant rise in production of popular literature and trivial literature, comparable to the similar developments in music. The division of "popular literature" and "high literature" in the 20th century is by no means absolute, and various genres such as detectives or science fiction fluctuate between the two. Largely ignored by mainstream literary criticism for the most of the century, these genres developed their own establishments and critical awards; these include the Nebula Award (since 1965), the British Fantasy Award (since 1971) or the Mythopoeic Awards (since 1971).
Towards the end of the 20th century, electronic literature developed due to the development of hypertext and later the World Wide Web.
Important movements in drama, poetry, fiction, and criticism took shape in the years before, during, and after World War I. The eventful period that followed the war left its imprint upon books of all kinds. Literary forms of the period were extraordinarily varied, and in drama, poetry, and fiction the leading authors tended toward radical technical experiments.
Advances in science and technology in Western countries rapidly intensified at the start of the 20th century and brought about a sense of unprecedented progress.
The devastation of World War I and the Great Depression also caused widespread suffering in Europe and the United States.
American literature is often divided into five major periods: The Colonial and Early National period (17th century to 1830) The Romantic period (1830 to 1870) Realism and Naturalism (1870 to 1910)