q a t t a n a yoki
t a l l o m - tuban o‘simliklarning organlarga bo‘linmagan
tanasi;
qubba - ochiq urug‘li o‘simliklarning «meva»si;
redutsentlar - organik moddalarni mineral moddalargacha parcha-
lovchilar bo‘lib, ularga bakteriyalar va zamburug‘lar kiradi;
regeneratsiya - tirik organizmlarning shikastlangan qismining tikla-
nishi;
rizoid - (yunoncha ildizga o‘xshash degan ma’ noni anglatadi) tuzilishi
bo‘yicha ildiz tukchalariga o‘xshaydi;
sellyuloza qobiq - o‘simlik hujayrasining pishiq, mustahkam qobig‘i;
simbioz - bir-biriga yordam berib, hamkorlikda yashash. Masalan,
tugunak bakteriya va dukkakli o‘simliklarning foydali hamkorligi;
spora - zamburug‘, o‘simliklarning ko‘payishi va tarqalishini; bakteri
yalarning noqulay sharoitda yashab qolishini ta’ minlaydi;
vakuola - lotincha bo‘shliq degan ma’ noni anglatadi;
virus - lotincha so‘z bo‘lib, zahar degan ma’noni anglatadi;
xitin - suvda erimaydigan modda bo‘g‘imoyoqlilarda tashqi tayanch
vazifasini bajaradi;
xromatofor - (yunoncha xromo - rang, foros - tashuvchi) suvo‘tlari-
ning pigment saqlovchi qismi;
zoospora - (zoo - hayvon) hayvonga o‘xshab faol harakatlanadigan
xivchinli spora.
edurtm_uz 93
„fSs L O edurtm-uz Ta'lim Markazi M U N D A R IJA
So‘z b o s h i.......................................................................................................3
I BOB. BIOLOGIYA TIRIK O RG AN IZM LA R
HAQIDAGI FAN ........................................................................................4
1-§. Biologiya - hayot haqidagi f a n ............................................... 4
2-§. Tirik organizmlarning xususiyatlari.......................................... 9
3-§. Biologiyaning o ‘ rganish usullari ............................................. 12
4-§. Hujayra - tiriklikning a s o s i......................................................17
II BOB. TIRIK O R G ANIZM LARNING X IL M A - X IL L IG I ............... 23
5-§. Tirik organizmlar haqida umumiy m a’ lumot ..................... 23
6-§. Bakteriyalar dunyosi.................................................................. 26
7-§. Zam burug‘ lar d u n y o s i...............................................................30
8-§. O‘ simliklar d u n yo si.....................................................................35
9-§ Tuban o ‘simliklar..........................................................................40
10-§ Yuksak o ‘s im lik la r.....................................................................43
11-§. O‘zbekistonda keng tarqalgan dorivor va zaharli
o ‘sim liklar............................................................................................... 54
12-§. Hayvonot dunyosi.....................................................................59
13-§. Umurtqasiz hayvonlar............................................................. 62
14-§. Umurtqali h a y v o n la r................................................................70
15-§. Odam organlari sistemasi......................................................75
III BOB. ORGANIZM VA TASHQI M U H I T .................................... 80
16-§. Ekologik omillar.........................................................................79
17-§. Inson va ta b ia t..........................................................................83
18-§. Tabiatni muhofaza qilish........................................................ 86
DARSLIKDA UCHRAYDIGAN AYRIM ATAM ALAR IZ O H I.........92
94