the mainstream ELT classroom. An intercultural approach does not
demand a wholesale revolution in teaching practices – it requires a redirec-
tion towards a significantly altered set of goals, goals that, for the majority
of learners, are more readily realised than slow progress towards a vaguely
conceived ‘native speaker proficiency’.
It is true that few commercial language schools can arrange for learners
to visit the target culture and engage in the direct forms of ethnography
discussed in Chapters 5 and 6. However, this does not invalidate an
intercultural approach. As demonstrated in Chapter 5, ‘home ethnogra-
phy’ is equally viable, and ‘distance’ or ‘virtual ethnography’ is sometimes
possible through ‘tandem’ projects involving email or ‘snailmail’ corre-
spondence (Dodd, 2001). These can be combined with an analysis of the
products of English speaking culture as available in the media, advertising,
literature and other cultural phenomena such as art, dance, fashion and
music (Chapters 7 and 8). At the heart of the intercultural curriculum are
practices of observation, analysis and explanation – and both the home and
anglophone culture provide manifest opportunities for the development of
these practices. For better or worse, wherever you are in the world, the
opportunities are usually there for observation and analysis of anglophone
cultures through television, film, video, radio, and the World Wide Web.
Viewers with access to cable television in Latin America, for example, have
ample opportunity to compare the conventions of home-grown ‘tele-
novelas’ with American (and occasionally British) soap operas. Websites
devoted to the programmes also allow a certain amount of ‘virtual ethnog-
raphy’ through audience research.
English-language teachers who might be anxious about the intercultural
curriculum, then, can in principle be reassured about the motivations
underlying it and the consequences of introducing it. On a more positive
note, an intercultural approach can validate current classroom practices
that otherwise might seem removed from the communicative goal of
native-speaker proficiency – e.g. exploration of the home culture, or
analysis of the conventions of advertising or television programmes. The
motivation of teachers and learners can be enhanced by the realisation that
the language class is part of a larger exploration of everyday cultural
practices, at home and abroad.
An intercultural approach embraces and transforms all three types of
educational curriculum that White (1988: 24) identifies. It might best be
described as ‘neo-humanist’, since it places respect for individuals and
their many cultures at the heart of its enterprise. The intercultural learner
moves among cultures, in a process of continual negotiation, learning to
cope with the inevitable changes, in a manner that is ultimately empower-
ing and enriching. The home culture is never denied nor demeaned, yet the
Prospects for Teaching and Learning Language and Culture
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