Международный научно-образовательный электронный журнал «образование и наука в XXI веке». Выпуск №37 (том 4)



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ОИНВ21ВЕКЕ. Апрель 2023. Том 4

2017 year
2018 year
2019 year
2020 year
2021 year
Number of taxpayers whose tax debt was declared hopeless (thousands)
Amount of bad tax debt (billion soums)


418 
the specific features of tax debt collection in developed countries based on Table 1 
below. 
Table 1 
Peculiarities of the tax debt recovery mechanism in foreign countries [13]
Countries 
Tax debt collection mechanism 
USA 
Interest on unpaid taxes is calculated at the rate of 6 percent 
per year. Late fines are 0.5 percent per month. If the taxpayer pays 
90% of the tax debt, he may not pay the penalties, but he will pay 
the penalties assessed on the taxes. 
Japan 
The tax authority has the authority to independently collect the 
tax debt, based on it, in case of non-fulfillment of the obligation, 
the tax authority can independently use means of compulsory 
collection. 
Germany 
The tax debt begins to be collected after the quarterly turnover 
of business entities exceeds 1,500,000 euros, and the tax rates also 
increase depending on the turnover of the enterprise. Also, the 
practice of waiving tax debts of small business entities is widely 
used. 
China 
Income received without payment of tax debt will be 
confiscated and bank accounts will be blocked, licenses are 
revoked hamda the taxpayer or his agent from 10,000 yuan to 
50,000 yuan shall be fined. 
France 
Investigates the reason for tax debt. If the taxpayer did not 
incur the tax debt intentionally, the tax authority will send a notice 
to pay the tax debt within 30 days and no penalties or fines will be 
applied.. 
Italy 
Failure to pay taxes on time is a fine of 30 percent of the 
amount of the tax debt. However, if the tax debt is delayed for up 
to 15 days, it is 1 percent, If payment is not made within 15-90 
days, a fine of 15% will be imposed. 
Kazakhstan 
The tax authority publishes the list of taxpayers with tax debt 
in the mass media. 
Summarizing the above-mentioned foreign experiences, we can see the positive 
and negative aspects of tax debt collection measures of foreign countries. In particular, 
based on the mentality of our country, we can show that the measures used in the 
practice of the countries of Japan, China and Italy to collect the amount owed on taxes 
and fees are negative. The reason is that in Japan, compulsory collection measures are 


419 
applied independently by the tax authority after the taxpayer has incurred a tax debt, 
that is, the lack of intervention by the court or other law enforcement agencies is a 
certain degree of injustice to the taxpayer. In China, drastic measures will be taken in 
this matter, i.e. the tax payer's income will be completely confiscated, his business 
license will be canceled and his bank account will be banned. As a result, the company's 
activity will be stopped for a long time. In Italy, a 30% penalty is imposed on tax debt, 
which makes the problem of the taxpayer who is unable to pay the tax debt doubly 
difficult and can eventually derail the business. However, we believe that the 
introduction of some of the experiences of the developed countries shown in Table 1 
into the tax system of Uzbekistan will contribute to reducing tax debt in the future. 

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