Thinking, Fast and Slow

12: The Science of Availability
“the ease with which”
: Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, “Availability: A Heuristic
for Judging Frequency and Probability,” 
Cognitive Psychology
5 (1973): 207–32.
self-assessed contributions
: Michael Ross and Fiore Sicoly, “Egocentric Biases in
Availability and Attribution,” 
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
37 (1979):
322–36.
A major advance
: Schwarz et al., “Ease of Retrieval as Information.”
role of fluency
: Sabine Stepper and Fritz Strack, “Proprioceptive Determinants of
Emotional and Nonemotional Feelings,” 
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
64
(1993): 211–20.
experimenters dreamed up
: For a review of this area of research, see Rainer Greifeneder,
Herbert Bless, and Michel T. Pham, “When Do People Rely on Affective and Cognitive
Feelings in Judgment? A Review,” 
Personality and Social Psychology Review
15 (2011):

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107–41.
affect their cardiac health
: Alexander Rotliman and Norbert Schwarz, “Constructing
Perceptions of Vulnerability: Personal Relevance and the Use of Experimental
Information in Health Judgments,” 
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
24 (1998):
1053–64.
effortful task at the same time
: Rainer Greifeneder and Herbert Bless, “Relying on
Accessible Content Versus Accessibility Experiences: The Case of Processing Capacity,”
Social Cognition
25 (2007): 853–81.
happy episode in their life
: Markus Ruder and Herbert Bless, “Mood and the Reliance on
the Ease of Retrieval Heuristic,” 
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
85 (2003):
20–32.
low on a depression scale
: Rainer Greifeneder and Herbert Bless, “Depression and
Reliance on Ease-of-Retrieval Experiences,” 
European Journal of Social Psychology
38
(2008): 213–30.
knowledgeable novices
: Chezy Ofir et al., “Memory-Based Store Price Judgments: The
Role of Knowledge and Shopping Experience,” 
Journal of Retailing
84 (2008): 414–23.
true experts
: Eugene M. Caruso, “Use of Experienced Retrieval Ease in Self and Social
Judgments,” 
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
44 (2008): 148–55.
faith in intuition
: Johannes Keller and Herbert Bless, “Predicting Future Affective States:
How Ease of Retrieval and Faith in Intuition Moderate the Impact of Activated Content,”
European Journal of Social Psychology
38 (2008): 1–10.
if they are…powerful
: Mario Weick and Ana Guinote, “When Subjective Experiences
Matter: Power Increases Reliance on the Ease of Retrieval,” 
Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology
94 (2008): 956–70.