The Tempest
. And this, in turn,
derives from the fact that this trial scene is patterned on the model af-
forded by the most powerful judicial-administrative cults in traditional
African precolonial society, the type that Achebe brings to the narrative
of
Things Fall Apart
in the tenth chapter of that novel.
Scholars of the institutional sources of spectacle in Elizabethan and
Jacobean drama and theatre have pointed to the tradition of the elab-
orately staged public trials and, sometimes, royal pardons, of real and
suspected plotters and adversaries by the monarchs of the period as a
very probable source of the scene of Prospero’s trial and pardon of his
enemies in
The Tempest
. For
A Dance
, the model of the trial scene or-
ganized around masked and unmasked but costumed adjudicators can
Wole Soyinka
be glimpsed in the following dramatic exchange in the tenth chapter of
Things Fall Apart
. The exchange is based on the trial of the wife-beater,
Uzowulu, by the
egwugwu
, a group of masqueraders representing an-
cestral spirits and acting on the occasion as the most powerful judicial
institution in the land:
“I don’t know why such a trifle should come before the
egwugwu
”, said one elder
to another. “Don’t you know what kind of man Uzowulu is? He will not listen
to any other decision”, replied the other. As they spoke, two other groups of
people had replaced the first before the
egwugwu
and a great land case began.
In this quote, first the
egwugwu
try the trifling case of the unrepentant
wife-beater, Uzowulu, and then proceed to the trial of “a great land
case,” just as in
A Dance
, the masked spirits summoned by Forest Head
to “try” Demoke and the other humans are constantly distracted from
this important task by the “trifling” quarrel of Eshuoro and Ogun. Con-
sistent with his celebrated fictional method of using condensation and
understatement to encompass vast socio-historical experiences and the
institutional expressions through which they are mediated or negoti-
ated, Achebe in this quote subsumes the middling case of Uzowulu to
the “great land case,” hopeful that his narrative art will easily secure the
endorsement of the perceptive reader for his separation of “trifling” from
serious matters in the cases that come before the
egwugwu
for adjudica-
tion. The extraordinarily dense and cryptic nature of the dramatization
of the “ritual problematic” in
A Dance
is predicated on the fact that the
ritual idioms that Soyinka appropriates for the climactic trial scene in the
play derive their expressive and thematic intricacy and complexity from
this same kind of judicial-adminstrative ritual, with however, nothing
approaching the authority and legitimacy of its invocation in Achebe’s
novel which, after all, is set in the past, before the onset of the “sacrificial
crisis.” Nonetheless, Soyinka shows great originality in his conflation
of both this pristine West African judicial-administrative ritual matrix
and, in the persons of Forest Head and his servitor, Aroni, elements of
the absolutist-monarchical paradigm of Prospero’s trial of his enemies in
The Tempest
. The originality of this conflation of such disparate expressive
idioms, as well as the signal weaknesses that derive from it and consider-
ably compromise the artistic merits of the play, can only be established
by a careful exegesis of plot, dramaturgy and symbolism in
A Dance
.
The surface plot of this complex play can be rapidly summarized. The
humans are gathered for a festive celebration, “a gathering of the tribes,”
and they ask the deities and spirits of the sacred groves of the forest to send
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