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Anthropologist 102, no. 2 (June 2000): 231–243.
J. K. Campbell’s essay “Honour and the Devil” appeared in J. G. Peristiany (ed.), Honour and
Shame: The Values of Mediterranean Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966).
The Scotch-Irish ancestry of the southern backcountry, as well as a phonetic guide to Scotch-Irish
speech, can be found in David Hackett Fischer’s monumental study of early American history,
Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 652.
The high murder rate in the South, and the specific nature of these murders, is discussed by John
Shelton Reed in One South: An Ethnic Approach to Regional Culture (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State
University Press, 1982). See, particularly, chapter 11, “Below the Smith and Wesson Line.”
For more on the historical causes of the southern temperament and the insult experiment at the
University of Michigan, see Culture of Honor: The Psychology of Violence in the South, by Richard
E. Nisbett and Dov Cohen (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, Inc., 1996).
Raymond D. Gastil’s study on the correlation between “southernness” and the US murder rate,
“Homicide and a Regional Culture of Violence,” was published in the American Sociological Review
36 (1971): 412–427.
Cohen, with Joseph Vandello, Sylvia Puente, and Adrian Rantilla, worked on another study about the
American North-South cultural divide: “ ‘When You Call Me That, Smile!’ How Norms for
Politeness, Interaction Styles, and Aggression Work Together in Southern Culture,” Social
Psychology Quarterly 62, no. 3 (1999): 257–275.
SEVEN: THE ETHNIC THEORY OF PLANE CRASHES
The National Transportation Safety Board, the federal agency that investigates civil aviation
accidents, published an Aircraft Accident Report on the Korean Air 801 crash: NTSB/AAR-00/01.
The footnote about Three Mile Island draws heavily on the analysis of Charles Perrow’s classic
Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies (New York: Basic Books, 1984).
The seven-errors-per-accident statistic was calculated by the National Transportation Safety Board in
a safety study titled “A Review of Flightcrew-Involved Major Accidents of U.S. Air Carriers, 1978
Through 1990” (Safety Study NTSB/SS-94/01, 1994).
The agonizing dialogue and analysis of the Avianca 052 crash can be found in the National
Transportation Safety Board Accident Report AAR-91/04.
Ute Fischer and Judith Orasanu’s study of mitigation in the cockpit, “Cultural Diversity and Crew
Communication,” was presented at the fiftieth Astronautical Congress in Amsterdam, October 1999. It
was published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Dialogue between the fated Air Florida captain and first officer is quoted in a second study by
Fischer and Orasanu, “Error-Challenging Strategies: Their Role in Preventing and Correcting
Errors,” produced as part of the International Ergonomics Association fourteenth Triennial Congress
and Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Forty-second Annual Meeting in San Diego, California,
August 2000.
The unconscious impact of nationality on behavior was formally calculated by Geert Hofstede and
outlined in Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations
Across Nations (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2001). The study of French and German
manufacturing plants that he quotes on page 102 was done by M. Brossard and M. Maurice, “Existe-t-
il un modèle universel des structures d’organisation?,” Sociologie du Travail 16, no. 4 (1974): 482–
495.
The application of Hofstede’s Dimensions to airline pilots was carried out by Robert L. Helmreich
and Ashleigh Merritt in “Culture in the Cockpit: Do Hofstede’s Dimensions Replicate?,” Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology 31, no. 3 (May 2000): 283–301.
Robert L. Helmreich’s cultural analysis of the Avianca crash is called “Anatomy of a System
Accident: The Crash of Avianca Flight 052,” International Journal of Aviation Psychology 4, no. 3
(1994): 265–284.
The linguistic indirectness of Korean speech as compared with American was observed by Ho-min
Sohn at the University of Hawaii in his paper “Intercultural Communication in Cognitive Values:
Americans and Koreans,” published in Language and Linguistics 9 (1993): 93–136.
EIGHT: RICE PADDIES AND MATH TESTS
To read more on the history and intricacies of rice cultivation, see Francesca Bray’s The Rice
Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1994).
The logic of Asian numerals compared with their Western counterparts is discussed in Stanislas
Dehaene in The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1997).
Graham Robb, The Discovery of France (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007).
The surprisingly secure and leisurely life of the !Kung is detailed in chapter 4 of Man the Hunter, ed.
Richard B. Lee and Irven DeVore, with help from Jill Nash-Mitchell (New York: Aldine, 1968).
The working year of European peasantry was calculated by Antoine Lavoisier and quoted by B. H.
Slicher van Bath in The Agrarian History of Western Europe, A.D. 500–1850, trans. Olive Ordish
(New York: St. Martin’s, 1963).
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