13.
In 2000, Korean Air finally acted, bringing in an outsider from Delta Air Lines, David Greenberg, to
run their flight operations.
Greenberg’s first step was something that would make no sense if you did not understand the true
roots of Korean Air’s problems. He evaluated the English language skills of all of the airline’s flight
crews. “Some of them were fine and some of them weren’t,” he remembers. “So we set up a program
to assist and improve the proficiency of aviation English.” His second step was to bring in a Western
firm—a subsidiary of Boeing called Alteon—to take over the company’s training and instruction
programs. “Alteon conducted their training in English,” Greenberg says. “They didn’t speak Korean.”
Greenberg’s rule was simple. The new language of Korean Air was English, and if you wanted to
remain a pilot at the company, you had to be fluent in that language. “This was not a purge,” he says.
“Everyone had the same opportunity, and those who found the language issue challenging were
allowed to go out and study on their own nickel. But language was the filter. I can’t recall that anyone
was fired for flying proficiency shortcomings.”
Greenberg’s rationale was that English was the language of the aviation world. When the pilots sat
in the cockpit and worked their way through the written checklists that flight crews follow on every
significant point of procedure, those checklists were in English. When they talked to Air Traffic
Control anywhere in the world, those conversations would be in English.
“If you are trying to land at JFK at rush hour, there is no nonverbal communication,” Greenberg
says. “It’s people talking to people, so you need to be darn sure you understand what’s going on. You
can say that two Koreans side by side don’t need to speak English. But if they are arguing about what
the guys outside said in English, then language is important.”
Greenberg wanted to give his pilots an alternate identity. Their problem was that they were
trapped in roles dictated by the heavy weight of their country’s cultural legacy. They needed an
opportunity to step outside those roles when they sat in the cockpit, and language was the key to that
transformation. In English, they would be free of the sharply defined gradients of Korean hierarchy:
formal deference, informal deference, blunt, familiar, intimate, and plain. Instead, the pilots could
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