Conflict
is an inevitable aspect of human interaction, an unavoidable concomitant of
choices and decisions and all expression of the basic fact of human interdependence. (Zartman,
1991) Conflicts that take place within a society may be the result of several factors. .. .explanations
for social conflicts, whether on a small or large scale, whether resulting from interactions between
social groups or caused by external factors have been an issue of common concern. (Faleti, 2006)
The major causes and sources of conflict in Africa have been conflict over resources, conflict over
psychological needs and conflicts involving values.
Conflict and persistent insecurity became more prevalent on the African continent after the
attainment of independence by many African countries. Civil wars in Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and Uganda as well
as different forms of civil unrest have also plagued Africa. More recently, revolutions have caused
a change in government across North Africa in countries such as Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. In the
last ten years, the majority of conflict-related deaths and injuries in the world have occurred in this
region, and large numbers of people continue to suffer from insecurity and fear of violence. Violent
conflicts in Africa have hampered political stability, economic prosperity and the socio-economic
development of the continent. Preventing and reducing violent conflict has become a key priority
for African governments in a globalized era.
Peace
is understood in two ways, according to John Galtung that is: The negative peace
which is characterized by absence of direct violence which typically through coercion rather than
cooperation, and the positive peace which implies reconciliation and restorations through creative
transformation of conflict. Peace is a process involving activities that are directly or indirectly
linked to increasing development and reducing conflict, both within specific societies and in the
wider international community Ibeanu 2006 summarily conceptual peace as:
Relating to existing social conditions, rather than an ideal state or condition.
Is a dynamic process (rather than a static conditions) and it is possible to precisely identity
and study the factors that drive it.
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Is not a finished condition, but always a 'work in progress". It is never finished because
human society continues to aspire to higher levels of development and less conflict.
Increases and decreases depending on objective socio-economic and political conditions.
It is also reversible, that is, it is possible to move from higher levels of peace to lower levels.
In conclusion religion, conflict are inevitable in human existence which can be balance
through peace in the society.
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