Brown pigmentation
Band keratopathy
Cicatricial pemphigoid with symblepharon
Lupus erythematosus – nodular episcleritis
Gaucher’s disease
Jaundice
Adrenochrome deposits – due to topical epinephrine – flecks
of pigmentation in caruncle and plica
Silver
Mascara
Ochronosis
Quinine
Iron
Hemosiderin
Wilson’s disease
Dendritic melanocytic lesions
Benign epithelial melanosis (congenital melanosis; racial
variant)
Secondary acquired melanosis – associated with
inflammatory conditions, scar tissue and conjunctival tumors
Primary acquired melanosis – with or without atypia; may be
pre-malignant
Fusiform melanocytic lesions
Nevus of Ota (nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris)
BJD 67:317–319, 1955
Pigmented episcleral spot (Axenfeld’s nerve loop)
LEOPARD syndrome
JAAD 50:S70–74, 2004
Melanoma
Nevomelanocytic proliferation
Blue nevi of sclerae or conjunctiva
AD 139:1209–1214, 2003
Melanocytic nevi (conjunctival nevi) – brown periphery, blue
center
Spitz nevus
Pigmented spindle cell tumor of the limbus
CUTANEOUS HORNS
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999
Actinic keratosis
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999; JAAD 37:392–394,
1997
Adenoacanthoma
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999
Angiokeratoma circumscriptum
Angioma
Acquired digital fibrokeratoma
Arsenical keratosis
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999
Basal cell carcinoma
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999; pseudohorn
Cutis 48:379, 1991
Benign lichenoid keratosis
Bowen’s disease
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999
Buschke
–Fischer–Brauer keratoderma (punctate palmoplantar
keratoderma) (keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa)
(keratodermia palmoplantare papuloverrucoides progressiva)
Clin Cases Dermatol 4:27, 1992
Congenital trichoid keratosis – cutaneous horns on scalp
AD 128:1549–1550, 1992
Cutaneous horn, undefined
Darier’s disease, cornifying
AD 112:495–503, 1976
Dermatofibroma
Dermatophytes – hyperkeratosis with cutaneous horns
Ann DV 125:705–707, 1998
Ectopic nail
JAAD 10:114–116, 1984; post-traumatic ectopic
nail
JAAD 50:323–324, 2004
Epidermal inclusion cyst
Epidermal nevus
Epidermolytic acanthoma
Fibroma
Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa (gingival) hyperkeratosis
syndrome (MIM:148730) – palmoplantar keratoderma, leukoplakia
and cutaneous horn of the lips
BJD 146:680–683, 2002
Giant cutaneous horns
Ann Plast Surg 43:674, 1999
Granular cell tumor
Ghatan p.128, 2002, Second Edition
Histoplasmosis – transepidermal elimination of histoplasmosis
in AIDS
Cutis 47:397–400, 1991
Hypertrophic lichen planus
BJD 144:424–425, 2001
Inverted follicular keratosis
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999; Cutis 31:610–612,
1983
Keratoacanthoma
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999; AD 120:736–740,
1984
Keratotic and micaceous pseudoepitheliomatous balanitis
Leishmaniasis
AD 123:168–169, 1987
Lichen planus hypertrophicus
BJD 144:424–425, 2001
Lupus erythematosus
AD 121:837–838, 1985; discoid lupus
erythematosus
Melanocytic nevus – intradermal nevus
BJD 124:449–452, 1991
Metastases – renal cell carcinoma
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999;
cutaneous horn of forehead
J Derm Surg Oncol 8:815, 1983
Molluscum contagiosum
JAAD 43:409–432, 2000
Nevus corniculatus – filiform keratoses, cutaneous horns and
giant comedones
BJD 122:107–112, 1990
Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn
Organoid nevus
Paget’s disease of the nipple
J Surg Oncol 29:237–239, 1985
Palmoplantar keratoderma with cutaneous horns
Int J Dermatol
31:369–370, 1992
Penile horn
Urology 30:156–158, 1987; JAAD 13:369–373,
1985; J Urol 132:1192–1193, 1984
Pilar cyst
Rook p.1668, 1998, Sixth Edition
Pilomatrixoma
Cutis 69:23–24, 2002
Pityriasis rubra pilaris – spiny hyperkeratoses
Tyring p.352, 2002
Prurigo nodularis
Acta DV (Stockh) 76:85–86, 1996
Psoriasis
JAAD 5:681–683, 1981
Pyogenic granuloma
Cutis 31:610–612, 1983
Sebaceous adenoma
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999; J Cutan Pathol
22:185–187, 1995; J Cutan Pathol 11:396–414, 1984
Sebaceous carcinoma
Br J Ophthalmol 82:1049–1055, 1998;
Br J Plast Surg 48:93–96, 1995; JAAD 25:685–690, 1991;
J Derm Surg Oncol 11:260–264, 1985; Cutis 31:610–612, 1983
Seborrheic keratosis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Cutis 64:111–112, 1999
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
BJD 142:1242–1244, 2000
Trichilemmal carcinoma
BJD 143:646–647, 2000
Trichelemmal cyst with horn
Trichilemmal horn
JAAD 39:368–371, 1998; BJD 100:303–309,
1979
Trichilemmoma
Trichofolliculoma
Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA
and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.67, 1999
Verrucous acanthoma
Verruca vulgaris
Tyring p.260, 2002; Cutis 64:111–112, 1999
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