Fourth Edition, September 2011

Bipolar Disorder
In bipolar disorder, episodes of depression alternate with episodes of mania. These periods of depression 
and mania may last for months, or they may ‘cycle’ more rapidly, with moods changing from high to low 
over weeks or days.
Many of the symptoms are similar to those seen with ADHD. Careful assessment and diagnosis is needed 
to ensure that the child gets the help they need.
Bipolar disorder and depression are often classed together as “mood disorders”. Most young people will 
experience a depressed episode fi rst, with the fi rst manic episode appearing months or even years later. 
There is considerable controversy about how rapidly these moods can cycle.
What’s normal and what’s not?
Many students will experience occasional periods of sadness and distress. Similarly, many students will 
feel in a very good mood for some extended periods of time. When the periods of sadness last for more 
than eight weeks, further help should be sought.
Manic periods may include some symptoms that go well beyond a ‘good mood’. The student may speak 
rapidly, as though they can’t get their thoughts out quickly enough. They may have grandiose ideas; for 
instance, that they are about to become a movie star or a famous musician. They 
may insist that they know more about a subject than an expert on the topic.
All of these behaviours can be diffi
cult for other students to understand and 
manage. Setting appropriate limits to the conversation and seeking addi-
tional help may help limit the social consequences for both the 
aff ected student and their peers.
How common is bipolar disorder?
It is estimated that between 3% and 5% of adults have 
bipolar disorder. Because it may not occur as often, or 
not be accurately diagnosed until several cycles have 
been seen, the rate of diagnosis in children and teens 
is lower.
H 1
Bipolar Disorder

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Making a Diff erence: An Educators’ Guide to Child and Youth Mental Health Problems
www.cymhin.ca
H 2
Bipolar Disorder