Understanding language teaching: From Method to Postmethod



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(ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series) B. Kumaravadivelu - Understanding Language Teaching From Method to Post-Method-Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (2006)

4.3. DESIGNER NONMETHODS
Part of the method boom that Stern talked about has given us what are
called
new methods
. They include
Community Language Learning
, the
Silent Way
,
Suggestopedia
, and
Total Physical Response
. All these new methods advocate a
humanistic approach to language learning and teaching. Community Lan-
guage Learning treats teachers as language counselors who are sensitive to
the language learners’ emotional struggle to cope with the challenges of lan-
guage learning. They are supposed to create a nonthreatening atmosphere
in the classroom, forming a community of learners who build trust among
themselves in order to help each other. The Silent Way believes that teachers
92
CHAPTER 4


FIG.
4.1.
Categories
of
language
teaching
methods.
93


should be silent in class and talk only when absolutely necessary. Using color
charts and color rods as props, teachers are expected to encourage learners
to express their thoughts, perceptions, and feelings, and in the process, learn
the language. Suggestopedia, which now has even a fancier name,
Desug-
gestopedia
, aims at removing psychological barriers to learning through the
psychological notion of “suggestion.” Using fine arts such as music, art, and
drama, teachers are advised to create a comfortable environment in class in
order to eliminate any fear of failure on the part of the learners. Total Physi-
cal Response recommends that teachers activate their learners’ motor skills
through a command sequence in which learners perform an action, such as
standing up, sitting down, walking to the board, and so forth.
These new methods have also been dubbed as
designer methods
. I prefer to
call them
designer nonmethods
because none of them, in my view, deserves
the status of a method. They are all no more than classroom procedures
that are consistent with the theoretical underpinnings of a learner-centered
pedagogy. From a classroom procedural point of view, they are highly inno-
vative and are certainly useful in certain cases. But, they are not full-fledged
methods. As I have argued elsewhere (Kumaravadivelu, 1995), a method, to
be considered a method, must satisfy at least two major criteria. First, it
should be informed by a set of theoretical principles derived from feeder
disciplines and a set of classroom procedures directed at practicing teach-
ers. Both the underlying principles and the suggested procedures should
address the factors and processes governing learning and teaching (see
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