Understand Open Shortest Path First (ospf) Design Guide

DR Election
DR and BDR election is done via the 
Hello
protocol. 
Hello
packets are exchanged via IP multicast
packets (Appendix B) on each segment.
The router with the highest OSPF priority on a segment becomes the DR for that segment. The
same process is repeated for the BDR. In case of a tie, the router with the highest RID prevails.
The default for the interface OSPF priority is one. Remember that the DR and BDR concepts are
per multiaccess segment. The OSPF priority value on an interface is done with the 
ip ospf priority
 
interface command.
A priority value of zero indicates an interface which is not to be elected as DR or BDR. The state
of the interface with priority zero is DROTHER. This illustrates the DR election:

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In this diagram, RTA and RTB have the same interface priority but RTB has a higher RID. RTB
would be DR on that segment. RTC has a higher priority than RTB. RTC is DR on that segment.
Build the Adjacency
The adjacency build process takes effect after multiple stages have been fulfilled. Routers that
become adjacent have the exact link-state database.
Here is a summary of states which an interface passes through before it becomes adjacent to
another router:
Down: No information has been received from anybody on the segment.
●
Attempt: On non-broadcast multi-access clouds such as Frame Relay and X.25, this state
indicates that no recent information has been received from the neighbor. To contact the
neighbor, send Hello packets at the reduced rate Poll Interval .
●
Init: The interface has detected a Hello packet from a neighbor but bi-directional
communication has not yet been established.
●
Two-way: There is bi-directional communication with a neighbor. The router has seen itself in
the Hello packets from a neighbor. At the end of this stage the DR and BDR election would
have been done. At the end of the 2-way stage, routers decides whether to proceed in an
adjacency build. The decision is based on whether one of the routers is a DR or BDR or the
link is a point-to-point or a virtual link.
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