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2. Basic Circuit Laws 
2.1
2.1 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) 
2.2
2.2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 
2.8
2.3 Interconnections of Ideal Sources 
2.13
2.4 Analysis of a Single-Loop Circuit 
2.14
2.5 Analysis of a Single-Node-Pair Circuit 
2.19
2.6 Analysis of multi-Loop, multi-Node Circuits 
2.20
2.7 KVL and KCL in Operational Amplifier Circuits 
2.23
2.7.1 The Practical Operational Amplifier 
2.25
2.7.2 Negative Feedback in Operational Amplifier Circuits 
2.26
2.7.3 The Principles of ‘Virtual Short’ and ‘Zero Input Current’ 
2.27
2.7.4 Analysis of Operational Amplifier Circuits Using the IOA model
2.29
2.8 Summary 
2.34
2.9 Problems 
2.35
3. Single Element Circuits 
3.1
3.1 The Resistor 
3.2
3.1.1 Series Connection of Resistors 
3.2
3.1.2 Parallel Connection of Resistors 
3.3
3.2 The Inductor 
3.9
3.2.1 Instantaneous Inductor Current versus Instantaneous Inductor Voltage 3.10
3.2.2 Change in Inductor Current Function versus Area under Voltage Function  3.11
3.2.3 Average Applied Voltage for a Given Change in Inductor Current
3.12
3.2.4 Instantaneous Change in Inductor Current
3.13
3.2.5 Inductor with Alternating Voltage Across it 
3.14
3.2.6 Inductor with Exponential and Sinusoidal Voltage Input 
3.16
3.2.7 Linearity of Inductor 
3.17
3.2.8 Energy Storage in an Inductor 
3.19
3.3 Series Connection of Inductors 
3.27
3.4 Parallel Connection of Inductors 
3.28
3.5 The Capacitor 
3.32
3.6 Series Connection of Capacitors 
3.41
3.6.1 Series Connection of Capacitors with Zero Initial Energy 
3.41
3.6.2 Series Connection of Capacitors with Non-zero Initial Energy 
3.42
3.7 Parallel Connection of Capacitors 
3.44
3.8 Summary 
3.46
3.9 Problems 
3.47
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