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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar



9
°
°
or 1

90
°
amounts to rotating it by 90
°
in the 
counter-clockwise direction in the phasor diagram. This amounts to converting a cos
w
 t to cos(
w
 t 

90
°

=
-
sin
w
 t in time-domain and hence is equivalent to introducing a phase lead of 90
°
. Multiplying 
a phasor by 
-
j or 

-

9
°
°
or 1
∠-
90
°
amounts to rotating it by 90
°
in the clockwise direction in the 
phasor diagram. This amounts to converting a cos
w
 t to cos(
w
 t 
-
90
°

=
sin
w
 t in time-domain and 
hence is equivalent to introducing a phase lag of 90
°
.
Concept No. 8 – Phasors in a phasor diagram can be added and subtracted by employing 
parallelogram law of addition of complex numbers in complex plane. This law is same as the law of 
addition of vectors in space coordinates.
Phasors are complex amplitudes used to represent sinusoidal quantities under sinusoidal steady-
state condition. There should be only one value of angular frequency in the circuit. All sinusoidal 
sources must be at the same frequency. Therefore, a phasor diagram can be drawn only for a circuit 
that is in sinusoidal steady-state under the influence of one or more sinusoidal sources at same angular 
frequency. If there are different frequency sinusoids present in the same circuit, different phasor 
diagrams – one each for each frequency – should be drawn. The phasor solution arrived at from 
different phasor diagrams will have to be transformed into time-domain quantities using relevant 
angular frequency values before combining the solutions by invoking Superposition Theorem.
example: 7.8-1
Draw the phasor diagram showing all voltage phasors and current phasors for a series RL circuit with 

=


X 
=


at 50 Hz and v
S
(t
=
20 cos100
p
t V.
Solution
The impedance of the circuit, 

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