Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов математического факультета специальности 1-020501 «Информатика. Иностранный язык (английский)»

 
Текст для аннотирования 
Lexicology studies lexical units.
Lexical units are 
two-faceted
, having meaning and form, and 
ready-made
, 
registered in a dictionary and reproducible in speech. Thus, they differ from 
other linguistic units like single-faceted phonetic units (phonemes) – the 
smallest language units that do not have meaning of their own, and from two-
faceted syntactic units (free word combinations or sentences), which are created 
according to syntax rules for every speech occasion and cannot be listed in any 
dictionary. 
The smallest two-faceted ready-made lexical unit is a 
morpheme 
(for 
example, 
pre-, work-, -er).
Lexicology deals mainly with 
derivational, 
or 
word building morphemes 
producing new words. 
Grammatical, 
or 
form building morphemes, 
or 
inflections, 
expressing number, gender, person or tense, are added to 
stems 
later, when all derivative processes are already complete 
(work-er 
+ -s). They 
serve to express a grammatical form and a morphosyntactic category of the word 
(for e.g., the form-building morpheme -s expresses the plurality of the word 
workers 
and demands the plural form of the following verb, for e.g. 
are).
Word 
is the most typical, central two-faceted ready-made lexical unit and 
it is most easily apprehended 
psychologically and perceptually. 
Even illiterate 
people may dictate the text «word by word». Edward Sapir, studying languages 
of Native Americans, pointed out that even an uneducated person, not familiar 

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with the idea of a written word, can easily dictate a text word by word. 
Ferdinand de Saussure also underlined the fact that the word corresponds to a 
deeply rooted intuition. 
The biggest ready-made two-faceted lexical unit is called