International congress of byzantine studies belgrade, 22 27 august 2016



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Thematic Sessions of Free Communications

Nikolaos D. Siomkos
Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Thessaloniki, Greece; 
siomkosnikos@yahoo.gr
La Crète à Chypre. La présence crétoise dans la production artistique chypriote
Pendant la domination vénitienne, une branche de la peinture chypriote s’oriente sur la voie de 
l’art occidental, en inventant un nouveau langage artistique. Ainsi, à côté de monuments qui suivent 
la tradition byzantine, il y a des œuvres qui combinent, d’une manière particulière, d’éléments 
byzantins et occidentaux. Dans ce cadre de diversité des influences artistiques, les artistes chypriotes, 
favorisés par la prospérité économique de leur clientèle, ont connu une période florissante.
Néanmoins, à Chypre il existe aussi un certain nombre d’icônes de la fin du XV
e
et du XVI
e
siècle, dues à des peintres crétois. Ces icônes, issues d’un contexte socio-culturel similaire, ont été 
envisagées jusqu’à présent que sous l’aspect des oeuvres destinés à la clientèle de confession latine de 
l’île, sans aucune précision sur leur provenance.
Comme il a été déjà soutenu, l’existence des certains éléments iconographiques sur les 
icônes chypriotes, met en évidence le rôle de la peinture crétoise dans la diffusion des modèles 
iconographiques plus anciens à Chypre. En outre, le nombre important des icônes crétoises du 
XVI
e
et XVII
e
siècles, qui sont dernièrement signalées à Chypre, confirme l’intérêt pour ces oeuvres
malgré la production importante des ateliers chypriotes de cette époque. Dans ce cadre, nous 
tenterons de déceler et d’examiner les œuvres crétois conservés sur l’île, afin de préciser au niveau 
iconographique et stylistique l’étendue des influences éventuelles de l’école crétoise sur l’ensemble de 
la production artistique de Chypre.
Charalampos G. Chotzakoglou
Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece /Nicosia University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 
chotzako@hotmail.com
Cyprus under the Latin Rule (1192-1571): 
Modern Efforts to Present the Latin Era as a Period οf Peaceful Coexistence
The Latin conquest of Cyprus (1191/2) and the establishment of the Roman-Catholic Church 
on the island, the autocephalous state of the Cypriot Church and the efforts of its Latin rulers to 
protect their domination from the byzantine efforts to recapture the island played an important role 
to the relation between the Latin rulers and their Church and the locals.
The Cypriot population as Christian-Orthodox believers and as a part of the Byzantine world
well integrated into the ecclesiastical and secular administration of the Byzantine Empire, were held 
as internal threat and potential traitors to the Latin minority, which undertook the administration 
and invited the Pope and the Latin clergy to be established and to crown the Latin ruler of Cyprus.


466
The seizure of the main property of the Cypriot Church, of the imperial authorities on the 
island and of locals, who lost their previous civil rights and privileges, the perception of the Cypriots 
as schismatic subjects and the efforts to control the orthodox Church caused considerable tensions
which led to rebellions and disobedience-cases by Cypriots and even to the persecution of monks.
The Latin conquest of Constantinople left Cypriots without many hopes for their support, 
while the Ecumenical Patriarchate being in Exile was advising the Cypriot Church how to survive in 
such conditions. Strict measures were taken in order to restrain the privileges, the power, the rights 
and even the ecclesiastical freedom of the Cypriot Church, which was subordinated to the Roman 
Catholic one. 
Bulla Cypria
imposed on the Cypriot clergy among other the “oath of fidelity”, which 
along with further Roman-Catholic measures led the Cypriot Church to be held by the Ecumenical 
Patriarchate as schismatic and in that case as Uniate.
Nevertheless a trend in the modern bibliography presents the Latin period in Cyprus as an 
era of a peaceful coexistence between rulers and subjects calling upon Latin donations to Cypriot 
monasteries, interpreting representations of donors in Cypriot monasteries as Latins, focusing on 
commonly venerated saints and underlining donations of Cypriots to Latin convents in their wills 
during the venetian rule of Cyprus.
In our paper we shall examine the above mentioned arguments according to relevant sources 
and artistic material.

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